自恋者、精神病态者于反社会人格者常用的44种操纵策略
延伸阅读：
剖析 “煤气灯式心理操纵（Gaslighting）”
感恩勿强求 & 内疚心理操纵
四步应对心理操纵
三种常见操控陷阱
常见的15种逻辑谬误——吵架必读，受益终生
杀人放火金腰带——Dark Triad/黑暗三性格
自恋型母亲以及三种子女类型
Shame on you！羞辱者！
15种常见的心理防御机制
内向/隐性自恋者（Introverted/Covert Narcissist）
目录
- Lying|撒谎
- Insinuating Comments|拐弯抹角
- Discourage and Criticize|泼冷水与批评
- Diminish and Dismiss|贬低、不屑
- Monitor and Stalk|监视和跟踪
- Intrude and Interrupt|肆意打断对方
- Deflection, Diversion, and Evasion|转移、逃避、顾左右而言他
- Amplification|夸大缺点
- Emotional Blackmail|情感勒索
- Emotional Barriers|情绪阻碍
- Guilt Trip|内疚操控
- Inappropriate Restrictions|不当限制
- Threats|威胁
- Objectifying|物化
- Shaming|羞辱
- Blaming|指责
- Invalidation|不认可
- Silent Treatment|冷战
- Negative Reinforcement|负面强化
- Positive Reinforcement|正面强化
- Hurt and Rescue|先伤害再救助
- Love Bombing|爱意轰炸
- Crazy Making|摧毁对方理智
- Gaslighting|煤气灯操纵
- Rationalization|合理化
- Infantilize|婴儿化
- Triangulation|挑拨离间
- Splitting|二元割裂
- Double Blind|进退两难
- Double-Mindedness|口是心非
- Doublethink|双重思想
- Covert Aggressive Abuse|隐性攻击型虐待
- Setting up to Fail|故意让对方失败出糗
- Moving the Goalpost|移动球门
- Feigning Innocence or Confusion|假装无辜或困惑
- Vilifying the Victim|对受害者倒打一耙
- Playing the Victim Role|扮演受害者角色
- Minimization|轻描淡写
- Symbolic Aggression|象征性攻击
- Trance|痴迷
- Brandishing Anger|发泄怒火
- Brainwashing|洗脑
- Scapegoating|替罪羊
- Gang Stalking|团伙跟踪
One of the most damaging things in a person’s life may be an abusive or manipulative relationship.
一个人一生中最有害的事物之一，可能就是一段虐待型或操纵型感情关系了。
Many times we are blind to the manipulation tactics and narcissist control tactics that the people we love use against us.
很多时候，当操纵策略或自恋者控制策略来自于我们所爱之人时，我们往往完全意识不到。
These Manipulation Tactics and narcissist control tactics work to erode, suppress, subjugates, and degrades the victim’s sense of self and diminishes their social standing in an effort to dominate and control.
这些操纵策略和自恋者控制策略旨在侵蚀、压抑、压制和贬低受害者的自我认知，贬低受害者社会地位，从而达到主导和控制受害者之目的。
The people whom we are closest to and depend on the most can also be some of the biggest obstacles in achieving happiness or finding success.
我们最亲近、最依赖之人同时也可能成为我们获得幸福或成功的最大障碍。
Relationships with an abusive or manipulative person can be impossible to change, sometimes it is better to walk away and move on with your on life so that you can grow as a person and reach your full potential.
与虐待者或操纵者之间的关系可能会完全无法改变，有时，更好的办法是离开这段关系，继续自己的生活，让自己正常成长发展、充分实现自己的个人潜能。
This too may seem difficult or even impossible when it is a parent, spouse, or other significant person in your life.
但当这个人是你的父母、配偶或你生命中的其他重要角色时，上述应对办法可能就很难实施，或甚至完全不可能实施。
What Is Manipulation? 什么是操纵
Manipulation refers to activities performed by a person to try to manipulate others, generally in a false or destructive way, in the context of a relationship. Psychological manipulation entails using false or distorted strategies to persuade someone to modify their behaviors or beliefs.
操纵，是指：在一段人际关系之中，一个人为操纵其他人而采取的行动，而且这些行动通常具有欺骗性或破坏性。在心理操纵中，会使用一些具有欺骗性或别有用心的策略去劝说某个人改变他的行为或信念。
Emotional manipulation employs the same techniques to elicit strong emotional responses with the intent of draining a person’s energy or destabilizing their emotional well-being.
情绪操纵采用同样的策略去引发对方强烈的情绪反应，目的是让对方心神俱疲，或让对方情绪失衡。
According to psychologists, toxic cycles of violence, narcissism, or poor connections in the manipulator’s own upbringing can frequently be the fundamental cause of manipulative conduct.
心理学家们认为，操纵者被抚育过程中的暴力、自恋或不良关系等毒性循环，通常是他们操纵行为的根本原因。
Manipulation can occur in every type of connection, including family, friends, professional, romantic, or sexual interactions.
操纵行为可以发生在任何关系类型之中，其中包括家庭、朋友、职业、爱情或性关系。
44 HARMFUL MANIPULATION TACTICS USED BY NARCISSISTS, PSYCHOPATHS, AND SOCIOPATHS 自恋者、精神病态者和反社会人格者使用的 44种操纵策略
1. Lying|撒谎
A lie is a false statement deliberately presented as the truth. Some manipulators will say anything to get what they want.
They will do it frequently and improve over time until it comes naturally. They also use lies of omission which means instead of making deceptive statements, they simply withhold the truth.
The goal of omission is to isolate the victim behind a wall of secrecy in order to exploit the fact that they are unaware of some important knowledge to him or her.
谎言，是故意描述为真相的虚假陈述。一些操纵者为了达到个人目的会采用任何说辞。
他们会频繁撒谎，撒谎水平不断提升，直至张口即来。他们同时也会采用隐匿性谎言，即，并非做出虚假陈述，而只是隐匿真相。
隐匿的目的，是将受害者隔离在一堵隐秘之墙背后，从而防止受害者获知一些对其重要的信息。
2. Insinuating Comments|拐弯抹角
The manipulator knows the victim’s weaknesses and buttons.
They purposely push and pull on these to get a reaction. Often they will speak with double entendres or innuendos to confuse and hurt the victim simultaneously while maintaining plausible deniability of any hurtful intention.
The goal is to drain the victim emotionally, wear them down, and to feed the manipulator’s ego or sense of power/control.
操纵者了解受害者的所有弱点和易触发点。
他们为了获得一些反应，会故意去刺激这些弱点和易触发点。通常，ta们会采用指桑骂槐或是拐弯抹角的言论，这些言论既让受害者感到疑惑，又深受伤害，同时还能让操纵者义正言辞地否认自己有伤害对方的本意。
这种行为的目的是让对方从情绪上感到被耗竭，不断打压消磨对方，从而来填补操纵者的自尊感和权力/控制感。
3. Discourage and Criticize|泼冷水与批评
The criticism is not for negative behaviors but rather to discourage positive outlets the victim may have to express themselves.
Any attempts to join a social club, team, or organization will be discouraged, undermined, or sabotaged by the manipulator. Any attempts to be creative artistically, musically, or otherwise will be criticized and the victim’s work belittled.
The goal is to crush the victim’s self-esteem and isolate the person from anything which might garnish him or her praise or attention from others.
这类批评并非针对负面行为，而是旨在打击受害者可能需要用来表达自我的任何积极渠道。
受害者无论是想要加入一个社交俱乐部，一个团队或一个组织，都会被操纵者泼冷水、阻碍或搞破坏。受害者无论是在艺术方面、音乐方面或其他方面想要做出一些创作，也会被批评或贬低。
这类行为的目的是击垮受害者自尊，阻止受害者获得成就、赞美或关注。
4. Diminish and Dismiss|贬低、不屑
The victim’s ideas, opinions, or cries for help, are either verbally or non-verbally (eye-roll, smug smile, scoffs, etc.) diminished, dismissed, overlooked, undervalued, or simply ignored.
The goal is to make the victim less willing to voice their wishes or grievances.
When multiple people work together with these manipulation tactics against the victim this can leave him or her completely isolated and vulnerable with a strong feeling of hopelessness and nowhere to turn.
受害者的想法、观点或求助声，都被以明说或暗示（翻白眼、得意地笑、讥笑等）方式贬低、不屑、忽略、低估或完全置若罔闻。
这种行为的目的是打击受害者表达个人想法和不满的意愿。
当多个人一起对受害者采用这类策略时，就会让受害者完全被隔绝，非常脆弱，并且产生强烈的无望无助感。
5. Monitor and Stalk|监视和跟踪
The manipulator is always present, lurking behind the victim’s back, or from a good safe distance, keeping an eye on him or her.
If the manipulator is narcissistic or psychopathic it is common for them to monitor the victim’s computer or phone, and even use surveillance equipment in order to follow the person’s every move.
The goal here is simple, maintain knowledge of everything the victim says and does, their coming and goings, and who they know.
操纵者总是潜伏在受害者背后，或者远距离一直监视着。
如果操纵者是自恋者或精神病态者，那么他们通常会监控受害者的电脑或手机，甚至会使用监控设备，跟踪受害者的所有举动。
这种行为的目的很简单，即，完全掌握受害者的一言一行，行踪轨迹以及社交圈子。
6. Intrude and Interrupt|肆意打断对方
The manipulator has no respect for another person’s boundaries, they will say and do whatever they please in front of, behind the back of, or towards their victims, regardless of objections or morals.
If done covertly the victim will have no idea what damage has been done until it’s too late. The goal of this manipulation tactic is to cut the victim off from speaking up, gaining support, or making positive changes, either for themselves or the people around them. (Also known as enmeshment.)
操纵者完全不会尊重受害者的个人界限，他们无论在受害者面前或背后，都会肆意妄为地大放厥词、行为放肆，毫不顾忌别人反对，毫无道德可言。
如果这种行为采取隐蔽方式，受害者意识到被伤害时则为时已晚。这种操纵策略的目的是防止受害者为自己或周围之人发声、获得帮助、做出积极改变。（这种策略也被称为“缠住”）
7. Deflection, Diversion, and Evasion|转移、逃避、顾左右而言他
When the manipulator is asked a direct question or called out on a lie, they will either deflect the conversation back onto the victim, “How dare you accuse me of that!” or they will steer the conversation onto another topic as a diversion, or will give an irrelevant, vague, and meaningless response instead.
The goal is to create confusion, throw the victim off balance, and avoid any responsibility for their actions.
当操纵者被问及一个直接问题，或谎言被揭露时，他们要么会将话题直接转移到受害者身上：“你怎么敢这么说我！”，或者转移话题，或者给出一个不相关、模糊或毫无意义的回复。
其目的是为了让对方困惑，打乱对方思路，逃避对个人行为的责任。
8. Amplification|夸大缺点
The manipulator will shout out your failures and whisper your successes. Any limelight the victim deserves will be diminished.
Their accomplishments will go unnoticed and their shortcomings will be broadcast far and wide. The goal is to drain the victim of the energy to be successful, to make them doubt themselves, so that the manipulator can be the center of attention at all times while belittling the victim.
操纵者会大声宣扬你的失败，但对你的成功却尽可能轻描淡写。受害者本该得到的所有关注赞美都会被贬低得一文不值。
他们的成就被无视，他们的缺点被广而告之。目的是为了消除受害者获得成功的能量，让受害者自我质疑，这样操纵者就可以在贬低受害者的过程中始终成为关注焦点了。
9. Emotional Blackmail|情感勒索
Knowing that someone close to them wants love, approval or confirmation of identity, and self-esteem, manipulators will threaten to withhold the emotional support the victim desires or needs, or even take it away altogether, making the person feel that he or she must meet the demands of the manipulator.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to ensure that the victim feels afraid to cross them, obligated to give them their way, or guilty if they resist.
操纵者知道身边某个人想要爱、身份认可或确认，和自尊感，对于受害者所渴望或需要的精神支持，操纵者会威胁不给予，甚至完全不给予，让受害者感到他/她必需满足操纵者的要求。
这种操纵策略的目的是为了确保让受害者不敢忤逆操纵者，让受害者觉得自己有义务满足操纵者要求，如果拒绝满足，则会感到内疚。
10. Emotional Barriers|情绪阻碍
Whenever the victim gets upset and question the manipulator or complains about something they’re doing, the manipulator turn the focus on the victim’s angry or upset state.
The manipulator becomes demeaning about the victim’s objection to his or her poor treatment. The victim could also be attacked for being happy about something.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to frustrate and suppress the victim’s emotions in order to dodge the blame for wrongdoing or maintain control of them (corral).
无论何时当受害者感到不满，质问操纵者或抱怨对方所做的某件事时，操纵者会将焦点转移到受害者的生气或不满状态上。
当受害者对自己所受到的不公平对待提出反对声时，操纵者会进行贬低。而且，当受害者因为某件事感到开心时，还可能会因此受到攻击。
这种操纵行为的目的是压抑、阻止受害者的情绪，从而避免个人对所犯错误的责任，或继续控制受害者（圈围操控）。
11. Guilt Trip|内疚操控
A special kind of intimidation tactic.
A manipulator suggests to the conscientious victim that he or she does not care enough, is too selfish, has more than they deserve, or got it too easy, regardless of how much or little the victim actually does or not, or what the manipulator has ever contributed.
The goal is keeping the victim in a self-doubting, anxious and submissive position.
这是一种特殊的恐吓策略。
操纵者向心地善良尽职尽责的受害者暗示对方没有给与足够关心、太自私、不配得到现在的一切、一切都来得太容易，无论受害者实际究竟做了多少，无论操纵者帮忙与否。
其目的是为了让受害者一直自我质疑、焦虑、一直处于顺从位置。
12. Inappropriate Restrictions|不当限制
A person has the right to be taken seriously, to develop their potential, explore and express their interests, and to find meaning and fulfillment in their relationships and lives.
The manipulator will engage in ongoing behaviors that inappropriately restrict the victim’s life. The goal is to hold him or her back from success, happiness, or anything else the manipulator does not deem the victim worthy of.
一个人有权利被认真对待、发展个人潜能、探索与表达个人兴趣、在自己的人际关系与生活中寻找意义、追求圆满。
但操纵者会持续不断地采取各种行为限制受害者的人生，目的是为了牵绊受害者，避免受害者获得成功、幸福或操纵者觉得受害者不配得到的其他任何事物。
13. Threats|威胁
Rarely in the physical form, but more usually they are cognitive and social in nature. One of the biggest such threats is that of social exclusion, which affects our need to belong to a family, lover, etc.
Threats do not change minds, but they are often very effective at changing how people act, at least in the short term.
The goal is effectively taking control of the victim’s life/choices, if done violently to terrify him or her into subordination.
很少是实体层面的威胁，这类威胁通常是在意识和社交层面。其中最主要的一种，是社交排斥，这影响着我们对家庭归属感、爱情归属感的需求。
威胁，并不会改变一个人的思想，但通常能够很有效改变一个人的行为，至少短期内十分有效。
其目的是有效控制受害者的生活/选择，如果采用暴力方式，还可以让对方感到害怕，从而乖乖顺从。
14. Objectifying|物化
The manipulator treats the victim as a tool for their own purposes.
This could be sexually, or to simply damage and destroy, for their own gratification.
The goal here is to dehumanize the victim, to the level of that of an object, as if there is no need for concern for the victim’s feelings or experiences.
If done long enough the victim will also feel the same about themselves.
受害者对于操纵者而言就像是一个用于实现操纵者目的的工具。
可能是性方面，也或者只是为了伤害或破坏，目的都是为了满足操纵者的欲求。
这种行为的目的，是为了将受害者“去人化”，将受害者降低到物品的范畴，仿佛不需要去考虑受害者的感受或体验。
如果这种行为持续得足够长，受害者也会自我物化。
15. Shaming|羞辱
Shame is an extremely painful state to be in and is a very powerful weapon.
The manipulator loves to humiliate their victims frequently with put-downs, expressions of disgust, contempt, disappointment, etc, often while in the presence of others.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to make the victim feel worthless and inadequate, or at least appear that way, in order to subdue them into submission.This can create a “vicious cycle” in the victim’s mind of negative feelings or thoughts that recur throughout their life.
羞辱，是一种极其痛苦的状态，同时也是极其强大的武器。
操纵者喜欢通过贬低、表达厌恶、藐视、失望等方式羞辱受害者，而且通常是有其他人在的时候。
这种操纵策略的目的是让受害者觉得自己毫无价值或不够好，或至少让别人看起来这样，从而让受害者屈服顺从。这会在受害者大脑中形成一种负面感受和念头的恶性循环，而且这种恶性循环会在受害者一生中反复出现。
16. Blaming|指责
The victim is held responsible for the harm they suffered. The victim brought it all upon themselves and the manipulator is in no way responsible for their actions.
The victim made all the choices which brought them trouble or pain regardless of how much they were manipulated into doing so.
The goal is to put the victim on the defense which makes them look and feel guilty while simultaneously masking the manipulator’s malicious intentions.
让受害者对自己遭受的伤害负责。一切都是受害者自作自受，操纵者对自己的行为完全无需负责任。
对于自己所处的困境或痛苦，都是受害者个人选择造成的，无论当初是如何被操控做出这些选择。
这种策略的目的，是指控受害者，让受害者不得不自我辩解，从而让受害者看起来有错，或让受害者感觉自己有错，同时遮掩操控者的恶意。
17. Invalidation|不认可
Whatever pain the manipulator has put you through either didn’t happen or wasn’t as bad as it seemed.
Often times it may be accompanied by a remark such as “I’m sorry you feel that way.” As if the victim’s grief, anguish, pain, is irrelevant, inconsequential, or otherwise all in their own head or has nothing to do with the manipulator.
The goal is to cause the victim further pain, make them question their own feelings, induce doubt or craziness, and to lift any feeling of guilt the manipulator may feel.
无论操控者让你经受了怎样的痛苦，这些痛苦都不存在，或根本没那么严重。
通常，这种“不认可”行为会伴随着此类言辞：“很抱歉你有那样的感受”，仿佛受害者的痛苦、悲痛、伤痛都是无关紧要、不值一提，或者完全都是受害者自己臆想，总之跟操控者毫无关系。
这种操控行为的目的是给受害者带来更多痛苦，让受害者质疑自己的感受，让受害者自我质疑或陷入疯狂，并且消除操控者可能感受到的任何内疚感。
18. Silent Treatment|冷战
The manipulator refuses to communicate and uses emotional and/or physical withdrawal as punishment.
This is to convey contempt and communicates that the person is not worthy of the manipulator’s acknowledgment.
The goal is to render the victim powerless to change the current situation and induce feelings of abandonment or rejection.
If the manipulator withdraws emotionally the victim can become love starved for their affection/attention.
操纵者拒绝沟通，使用情绪回避和/或肢体回避作为一种惩罚措施。
这种策略是为了传达不屑感，让对方感到他/她不配得到操控者的注意。
其目的是让受害者无力改变当前情形，引发一种被抛弃感或被拒绝感。
如果操纵者在情绪上回避对方，那么受害者可能就会极度渴望对方的喜爱/关注。
19. Negative Reinforcement|负面强化
The manipulator will only give positive attention on a random basis to keep their victim off balance emotionally.
The goal is to increase the manipulators control over him or her by making them desperate for the manipulator’s love and attention.
Then the manipulator will continue to use negative behavior and only stop when the victim complies with demands.
操纵者只会随机偶尔给受害者一些正面回应，让受害者的情绪一直处于失衡状态。
目的是通过让受害者渴望获得操纵者的爱与关注，从而增强操纵者对受害者的控制。
然后，操纵者会继续实施负面行为，只有受害者满足操纵者的要求时才会暂停这些负面行为。
20. Positive Reinforcement|正面强化
If a manipulator gives a gift it is only because they expect something in return, or to deceive others into believing they genuinely care.
Compliance is bought and paid for with gifts, attention, approval, money, and superficial charm, interest, or concern for the victim.
As like negative reinforcement the manipulator will retract anything positive as soon as the victim fails to comply with demands of the manipulator, hence proving it was superficial all along.
如果操纵者赠送给受害者一份礼物，只会是因为他们期望对方回报自己，或者给别人营造出一种他们发自真心关心受害者的假象。
受害者的顺从，是购买而来的，是操纵者用礼物、关注、认可、金钱、外在魅力、兴趣和关心购买来的。
如同负面强化一样，当受害者不能满足操纵者的要求时，操纵者会收回一切正面奖励，因此可以看出，这一切都不过是肤浅交易。
21. Hurt and Rescue|先伤害再救助
A drowning person will clutch at a straw, so push them in the water, then throw them a rope. Hurting the other person does not necessarily mean physical harm and it may not even mean making them feel bad, but it does mean creating a situation that they want to resolve.
The goal is to get the victim to play into the manipulators hands so they can rush to their “rescue” only to trick the victim into trusting, believing, or becoming dependent upon them.
一位溺水之人会用力抓住一根稻草，所以，把他们推到水里，再扔给他们一根绳子。伤害别人，并不一定就意味着会造成肢体伤害，甚至可能也并不意味着让对方感觉糟糕，但如果刻意给对方制造一种自己想要解决的困境，那就一定属于伤害范畴。
这种行为的目的，是让对方落入操纵者圈套之中，让操纵者可以火速向他们“伸出援手”，从而骗取受害者的信任或依赖。
22. Love Bombing|爱意轰炸
Is an attempt by the manipulator to influence a person by lavish demonstrations of attention and affection. The manipulator appeals to the target’s vanity and insecurity.
Their interest in the victim will be extreme once they have found their target and their “love” for the victim will be incredibly intense.
Its purpose is to override the target’s critical thinking skills so that the abuser can control and manipulate. Essentially they will gain control over their victim by making their emotional state dependent on the manipulator.
这是指操纵者通过大量表示爱意和关注的方式影响对方。操纵者利用的是受害者的虚荣心和不安全感。
一旦他们发现“目标”，他们对受害者会表现出极端的兴趣，难以置信的强烈爱意。
其目的，是压制受害者的批判思维能力，从而让自己能够控制操纵对方。基本上，通过让受害者的情绪状态依赖于操纵者，操纵者就可以控制受害者。
23. Crazy Making|摧毁对方理智
The manipulator says or does something and later denies ever saying or doing such things.
The goal is to make the victim doubt their own sanity and perception of reality. Driving them slowly and systematically mad over multiple occurrences.
This effect can be heightened/increased when the manipulator employs others to act the same.
操纵者先是说或做了某件事，但之后会全盘否认。
其目的，是让受害者质疑自己的理智程度和现实认知能力，通过多次这种情形，慢慢地、一步步地致使受害者陷入思维失常状态。
当操纵者也让其他人加入进来实施同样行为时，这种后果可能会更严重。
24. Gaslighting|煤气灯操纵
Is a form of mental abuse in which information is twisted or spun, selectively omitted to favor the abuser, or false information is presented with the intent of making victims doubt their own memory, perception, and sanity.
Typically this undermines the victims support group carried out by a combination of other tactics synthesized into a large scale attack on said victim.
这是这样一种精神虐待：信息被扭曲或曲解，被选择性地遗漏，以有利于虐待者；或者提供虚假信息，让受害者质疑自己的记忆、认知和理智。
通常，当这种策略其他策略一起采用，形成对受害者的大规模攻击，还会导致受害者质疑自己的支持群体。
25. Rationalization|合理化
The manipulator justifies and makes excuses for their behavior. They create false reasons or fake angles which make their actions seem more understandable, acceptable, and appropriate through the use of spin.
This is often done around others, behind the back of the victim. The manipulator may have a different rationalization depending on the type of people they are talking to at the time.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to get the victim off the manipulators case so they can continue doing whatever they feel they are entitled to do while suggesting the victim is dumb, too inexperienced, or otherwise doesn’t understand the manipulator properly.
操纵者会为自己的行为寻找合理借口和理由。他们会创造一些虚假的原因、虚假的角度，通过曲解，让自己的行为看起来可以被理解、被接受、合理适当。
这种策略通常背着受害者，在其他人面前开展。对于不同类型的人，操纵者可能会采用不同的合理化策略。
其目的，是让受害者不再持续盯着操纵者，这样操纵者就可以继续为所欲为，同时暗示受害者太愚蠢、太缺乏经验、或者误解了操纵者。
26. Infantilize|婴儿化
The manipulator does not acknowledge their victims maturity either emotionally or psychologically.
The victim is treated as if they have no knowledge of life or experience dealing with life’s challenges. The goal is to reduce a person to that of an infant or child, lowering their status in the social order, and stripping them of the ability to make choices, both in the victim’s mind and the manipulator’s.
操纵者并不承认受害者在情绪或心理方面的成熟性。
他们对待受害者的方式，仿佛对方并不知道该怎么生活，或不知道如何应对生活中的挑战。其目的是让将对方贬低到婴儿或儿童层次，降低他们在社会等级中的地位，剥夺他们的选择能力，甚至让受害者也同样看待自己。
27. Triangulation|挑拨离间（离间两个人，让自己成为双方之间的唯一沟通渠道）
Is a situation in which one family member or friend will not communicate with the victim, or will be friendly with the victim, while turning other family members or friends against them.
This can take many forms and usually incorporates Gaslighting. There is always a covert element which leads to pitting the victim against others without the victim being fully aware of what is taking place.
The goal is to isolate (divide), and conquer the victim while controlling their support system.
这是指，导致一位家庭成员或朋友和受害者并不沟通往来；或者当某位家庭成员或朋友向受害者示好，操纵者会离间其他家庭成员/其他朋友与他们之间的关系。
这可能会表现出多种形式，通常包括煤气灯操纵策略。但所有形式之下，都有一种潜在因素，即，操纵者会让其他人与受害者为敌，而同时受害者又并不充分了解事实全貌。
这种策略的目的是分（隔绝）而治之，征服受害者，同时控制他们的支持帮助系统。
28. Splitting|二元割裂
Also called black and white thinking or all-or-nothing thinking.
It’s the failure in a person’s thinking to bring together both positive and negative qualities of the self and others into a cohesive, realistic whole. This is exemplified in a family who has both a golden-child and scapegoat. The golden-child can do no wrong and the scapegoat is a complete burden and failure as a person.
The manipulator does this as an attempt to stabilize their sense of self-esteem, by perceiving themselves as purely upright, admirable, or superior and others who do not conform to their will or values as purely wicked or contemptible.
同时也被称为非黑即白思维或非此即彼思维。
这种思维方式，源于人们未能将自己与别人的所有正面和负面特征全面客观整合起来。这种思维可见于家中有完美“金童”和“替罪羊”孩子的家庭中。完美“金童”一切都是完美的，从来都不会犯错，而“替罪羊”孩子则是完全的负担和失败。
操纵者在开展这一策略时，将自己视为了完全正直、可敬、优越之人，并将其他任何不符合自己意愿和价值观的人视为了邪恶或可鄙夷之人，从而稳定了自己的自尊感。
29. Double Blind|进退两难
In the manipulator’s eyes the victim is damned if they do and damned if they don’t. Regardless of which choice is picked the manipulator will always point out that the person should have picked the other.
This may be accompanied by remarks such as “Well if you had done this I would have done something great for you, but forget about it now.”
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to beat the victim down psychologically and emotionally, in order make him or her question and doubt their own intuition and judgment.
在操纵者眼中，受害者无论做不做某件事，都是错的。无论受害者如何选择，操纵者总是会指出受害者本该选择另外一个的。
这种策略可能会伴随着此类言语：“你要是当初那样做的话，我本来可以好好奖励你的，但现在已经没机会了。”
这种操纵策略的目的，是从心理和情绪上击垮受害者，让受害者质疑自己的直觉和判断力。
30. Double-Mindedness|口是心非
The manipulator seeks the double advantage of being able to do wrong, of being able to have their will, of letting their passions rage, and the hypocritical advantage of seeming to be good, helpful, or supportive.
In short, double-mindedness is to say one thing and do another, to do unto others what they are not willing to be be done unto them.
The manipulator can only accomplish said task by engaging in the self deception of doublethink.
操纵者寻求双重优势：既能够犯错、达成个人意愿、肆意妄为，又能够呈现出自己是好人、乐于帮助他人、支持他人。
简而言之，口是心非，是指嘴上一套行动一套，将己所不欲施加于他人。
想要完成上述策略，操纵者必需要有自欺欺人的“双重思想”*。
*Doublethink（双重思想）：乔治·奥威尔在《1984》中创造的词汇，是指一个人同时持有并相信两种相反的、互相排斥的理念，而且对两种理念均深信不疑。这通常是因政治灌输而导致。政党的三个标语“战争即和平；自由即奴役；无知即力量”就是双重思想的典型例子。
31. Doublethink|双重思想
To know and not to know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancel each other out, knowing them to be contradictory and believing in both of them.
To use logic against logic, to repudiate morality while laying claim to it, to forget whatever it was necessary to forget, then to draw it back into memory again at the moment when it is needed, and then promptly to forget it again, and above all, to apply the same process to the process itself.
知道，但表示自己不知道；了解全部真相，但讲述精心编造的谎言；同时持有两种彼此抵消的观点，知道他们相互矛盾，但却对它们二者又都深信不疑。
用逻辑否定逻辑；既标榜自我道德，又摒弃道德；忘却一切需要忘却的事物，在需要时又将其想起，然后又合乎时宜地再次忘记，而且，最重要的，是将这一流程应用于这一流程本身。
32. Covert Aggressive Abuse|隐性攻击型虐待
Insults are disguised as teaching, helping, giving advice, and offering solutions. The manipulator makes them appear as a sincere attempt to help, especially to others.
This can also be followed by put-downs, and disappointment from the manipulator and anyone else who they have convinced of the victim’s inferiority.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to belittle, control, and demean the victim while covering up the appearance of wrongdoing on the manipulators behalf.
侮辱被伪装成：教导、帮助、给予建议、提供解决方案。操纵者让自己的侮辱行为看起来像是真诚的帮助，尤其是在别人眼中。
紧随其后的，是来自操纵者的贬低和失望，以及受操纵者影响而认为受害者有问题的其他人的贬低和失望。
这种操纵策略的目标是贬低、控制受害者，同时遮掩操纵者的错误。
33. Setting up to Fail|故意让对方失败出糗
The manipulator puts their victim in such a state of stress, or stressful situation, that failure is almost certain, wherein the outcome can be used as ammunition to discredit and blame the victim.
This can be done covertly as well, using sabotage or undermining an objective that may otherwise have been achievable. This type of manipulation tactic may be the projection of the bully’s own feelings of inadequacy onto the victim.
操纵者将受害者置于一种压力状态或充满压力的情形中，在这种状态或情形下，失败几乎是必然，这样，操纵者就可以用这种失败结果来贬损和指责受害者。
这种策略也可以很隐蔽，比如暗中破坏或阻挠一个本可以完成的目标。这种操纵策略可能是操纵者将自己的不足感投射到受害者身上。
34. Moving the Goalpost|移动球门
When the manipulator has control of the situation they will re-define the victim’s goals, in reality, to intentionally devise a way so as to assure that an athlete, for example, will ultimately never be able to finally achieve the ever shifting goals.
Depending on how this is done the goal may be to humiliate the victim, keep them preoccupied so as to accomplish nothing else with their time, or to simply wear them out.
当操纵者对情形获得掌控时，他们会重新定义受害者的目标，刻意想方设法阻碍受害者，比如说，不断变动目标，让一位运动员最终无论如何都以失败告终。
这种策略的不同的具体实施方式会反映出不同的目的，操纵者可能旨在羞辱受害者，或者让受害者徒劳无功，或者只是单纯想要耗竭受害者的身心精力。
35. Feigning Innocence or Confusion|假装无辜或困惑
The manipulator tries to suggest that any harm done was unintentional or that they did not do something that they were accused of. The manipulator may put on a look of surprise or indignation.
The manipulator may also try to play dumb by pretending he or she doesn’t know what the victim is talking about or is confused about an important issue brought to their attention.
The goal is to make the victim question his or her own judgment and possibly their own sanity. When others are deceived by a manipulator this way the victim feels powerless.
操纵者会试图暗示说所造成的伤害都并非其本意，或者自己完全是被冤枉的。操纵者可能还会看起来惊讶或愤怒。
操纵者可能还会装傻，假装不知道受害者在说什么，或对于被提及的重要问题并不清楚。
这一操纵策略的目的是让受害者质疑自己的判断，甚至还可能质疑自己的理智程度。当其他人被操纵者以这种方式蒙骗时，受害者就会感到无奈无助。
36. Vilifying the Victim|对受害者倒打一耙
More than any other, this tactic is a powerful means of putting the victim on the defensive while simultaneously masking the aggressive intent of the manipulator, while the manipulator falsely accuses the victim as being an abuser in response when the victim stands up for or defends themselves or their position.
The goal is to build resentment for the victim and put them on trial before he or she is even aware something is wrong, or make them feel guilty enough to question their position.
这一策略的主要作用在于，当受害者为自己发声或辩护时，操纵者倒打一耙反过来说受害者才是施害者，这样，这一策略就能够有效地反转指控对象，将受害者放在被指控者的位置，同时掩盖操纵者的攻击本意。
其目的是建立对受害者的憎恨，在受害者毫不知道自己做错了什么之前就将其架上审判席，或者让他们产生内疚感，内疚到质疑个人立场。
37. Playing the Victim Role|扮演受害者角色
The manipulator portrays him or herself as a victim of circumstance, that their behavior is only because of someone else’s, or was the only way to handle the situation they accidentally found themselves in at the time.
The manipulator was “taken for a ride” by the person or people that are being manipulated.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to gain pity, sympathy or evoke compassion and thereby escaping any blame for wrongdoing or even getting support and cooperation from unsuspecting outsiders.
操纵者将自己描绘成受害者的角色，要么是说他们的行为是因其他人而导致，要么是说自己当时偶发情形中迫不得已。
操纵者会说他们才是被受害者耍的那一个。
这种操纵策略的目的是获取怜惜、共情或激发同情心，从而逃避本应对所犯错误承担的责任，甚至从毫无疑心的外人那里获得帮助和合作。
38. Minimization|轻描淡写
This is denial coupled with gaslighting.
The manipulator asserts that their behavior isn’t really as harmful or irresponsible as someone else may be claiming. Often times down playing the behavior by comparing it to others, “He who is without sin among you, let him be the first to throw a stone,” or such logic may be present.
The goal is to make a molehill out of a mountain, thus letting the manipulator continue the abusive behavior, or at least escape much of the guilt.
这是否认与煤气灯操纵的结合。
操纵者宣称他们的行为并非像有人可能指控的那样具有伤害性或不负责任。通常他们会通过与其他人的行为对比来将自己的行为轻描淡写：“让你们中间从未犯过任何罪行的人扔出第一块石头”，或其他诸如此类的逻辑。
其目的是大事化小，从而让自己继续实施自己的虐待行为，或至少逃避大部分的内疚感。
39. Symbolic Aggression|象征性攻击
This could be something as small as giving a “look” or some other gesture. Often times it is slamming a door, punching a wall, or throwing something, otherwise a show of force not directed towards the victim.
A more extreme case would be brandishing a weapon, or at least making it known to the victim that a weapon does exist and at the manipulator’s disposal, but in a possibly non-threatening way.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to put the victim on warning and intimidate/terrify them into compliance with future demands.
这可能是一些诸如“甩个脸色”或者其他肢体动作等小动作。通常是摔门、用手砸墙、扔东西，或其他并不直接针对受害者的力量展示形式。
极端的情形，会是挥舞武器，或至少让受害者知道有武器存在而且操纵者随时可取用，但整个过程可能并没有采取威胁的形式。
这种操纵策略的目的是给受害者一种警告，而且恐吓他们，让他们服从操纵者未来的要求。
40. Trance|痴迷
If the manipulator is a psychopath, their intense presence and laser-like focus on their victim will cause a trance-like state. He or she will become hyper-focused on the manipulator and vice-versa.
Everything they say and do seems undeniably right if for no other reason than pure force of will power.
The goal is to render the victim psychologically defenseless. The experiences during these trances are permanently seared into the victim’s psyche and can be difficult to recover from.
如果操纵者是精神变态者，他们会高强度紧紧缠着受害者，这会导致受害者进入一种痴迷状态。受害者会将几乎所有注意力都关注在操纵者身上，反之亦然。
对方无论说什么、做什么，都是毋庸置疑绝对正确的，哪怕只是因为纯粹是个人臆想。
其目的是让受害者在心理上放下一切防御，在这种痴迷状态下的所有经历体验都会永久烙入受害者心理，而且受害者会很难从中恢复。
41. Brandishing Anger|发泄怒火
The manipulator puts on an act of furious explosive anger, verbal abuse, or physical threats.
If the victim is in a trance or has previously been manipulated by the abuser, with just one incident of such behavior the victim can become conditioned and trained to avoid upsetting, confronting or contradicting the manipulator ever again.
The goal is to establish dominance or superiority, and complete and unquestionable compliance, over victims through fear.
操纵者会始终表现出怒气冲冲、语言虐待、肢体威胁等行为。
如果受害者处于痴迷状态，或之前曾被虐待者操纵过，那么，只需要一次此类行为，受害者就会形成条件反射，学会避免再次招惹、质问或反对操纵者。
这种操纵策略的目的是通过恐惧，对受害者建立主导权或优越地位，获得受害者的完全的、毫无置疑的顺从。
42. Brainwashing|洗脑
Also referred to as heart washing, is the act of changing a person’s mind or heart by using extreme mental or emotional pressure or abuse.
This is typically done when the victim is extremely outmatched by their manipulator either mentally, physically, economically, or socially. This can be achieved a number of ways but usually the victim is in a situation the feel they can’t escape, and will involve several tactics simultaneously.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is to convince the victim into believing their viewpoints about life, people/person, or the world are immature or pathetic, and need to be realigned to the viewpoint of the manipulator.
同时也被称为“heart washing”，是指通过极端思维或情绪压力或虐待，改变一个人的思维和观念。
这种策略通常应用于这种情形：受害者无论在思维、生理、经济或社交层面都极度低于操纵者。实现这种策略，有很多方式，但通常受害者会处于一种他们感觉无法逃离的情形，而且会同时采用多种策略。
其目的是让受害者相信他们对人生、人以及世界的观点是不成熟或可悲的，需要与操纵者的观点保持一致。
43. Scapegoating|替罪羊
Manipulator subjects the “whipping boy” to constant negative treatment and blame they don’t deserve. Manipulators unconsciously project their own unwanted feelings and problems onto the victim.
The punishment which the scapegoat has to endure is a direct projection of the manipulator’s own insecurities.
Scapegoating is a deliberate act of torment against another person for the cathartic pleasure of the manipulator and their cohorts.
操纵者让替罪羊不断承受本不该承受的负面对待和指责。操纵者在潜意识中将自己不想要的感受和问题投射到受害者身上。
替罪羊所需承受的惩罚，是操纵者个人不安全感的直接投射。
让别人作为替罪羊，是一种故意的折磨行为，目的只是为了让操纵者极其同伙获得发泄般的愉悦感。
44. Gang Stalking|团伙跟踪
Is a form of community mobbing and organized stalking combined. Just like you have workplace mobbing, and online mobbing, which are both fully recognized as legitimate, this is the community form.
Gang stalking is organized harassment at it’s best, and a suicide inducing attack at its worst. It is the targeting of an individual for revenge, jealousy, sport, or to keep them quiet, etc., by a group of people.
The goal of this manipulation tactic is an organized psychological attack that can completely destroy a person’s life, while leaving little or no evidence to incriminate the perpetrators.
These manipulation tactics and narcissist control tactics work to erode, suppress, subjugate, and degrade the victim’s sense of self and diminish their social standing in an effort to dominate and control.
这是一种社群团伙霸凌与有组织的跟踪行动相结合的一种形式。
就像是工作场合的团伙霸凌、网络暴力，这些都被认为是完全合法的。团伙跟踪就是这些霸凌形式的社群版本。
往最轻微了说，团伙跟踪只是一种有组织的骚扰形式，但在严重情形下也会是一种会引发自杀的攻击形式。这是一群人出于报复、嫉妒、取乐或噤声之目的，对一个个体开展针对性攻击。
这种操纵策略的目的是开展可能会完全摧毁一个人生活的有组织的心理攻击，同时又几乎或完全不会留下施害者的任何违法证据。
上述这些操纵技巧和自恋者控制技巧会侵蚀、压抑、屈服、贬低受害者的自我认知，降低受害者的社会地位，从而主导、控制受害者。
