分会场五 2021年7月18日下午 15:40-17:10
地点:5楼V吧5F
家庭干预对改变孤独症谱系障碍儿童问题行为的作用
王海平 方晓义
北京师范大学婚姻家庭研究与咨询中心
摘要:上个世纪40年代以来,对于孤独症谱系障碍的研究开始被人们所关注。近年来,随着发病率的不断增长和国际通用诊断标准的变化,研究显示孤独症谱系障碍的确诊率在不断攀升。上世纪80年代以来,随着研究的进展,逐渐发展出一些针对孤独症谱系障碍儿童干预的理论和方法,如应用行为分析法、关键行为反应训练法、结构化教学法、社交故事法等。这些方法在孤独症谱系障碍儿童的干预中取得了一定的效果,增加了儿童与他人互动的回应、改善了儿童对于环境的适应能力。
不足的是以上干预方法往往侧重于从孤独症谱系障碍儿童个体的角度出发进行干预而忽视了环境的因素。在实际干预指导中,我们发现:家庭对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的干预效果存在一定影响,如父母的情绪状态、家庭辅助的训练内容、家校合作的程度等。针对家庭的干预指导可以有效弥补针对孤独症谱系障碍儿童个体干预不够全面的不足,更大限度地改善孤独症谱系障碍儿童的问题行为。
本研究选取经医院确诊的30名孤独症谱系障碍儿童作为被试,每15人为一组进行随机分组开展对比研究。实验组采用家庭干预方案进行干预指导,每月进行1次家庭干预指导跟进,共计6次;对照组采用个体干预方案,只在干预指导的开始提供个体干预方案,不予每月1次的跟进指导。实验组和对照组分别进行前后测,比较两种干预方案模式下儿童父母抑郁的改善情况和儿童问题行为变化的情况。
研究结果显示:家庭干预可以有效降低孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母的抑郁水平,并有效改善孤独症谱系障碍儿童的问题行为,同时孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母抑郁水平的降低也可以有效促进干预组孤独症谱系障碍儿童问题行为的减少。
关键词:家庭干预,孤独症谱系障碍儿童,问题行为,抑郁,父母
The Role of Parental Conflict in Predicting Adolescent’S Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
Li Xiaoshan*, Tang Xiujuan, Wang Min, Sun Pengyong
江西师范大学心理学院
Abstract: Present study aimed to investigate the association between parental conflict and adolescents’ depression, and the possible mediators between them with a longitudinal study. With the help of the header teachers, three-wave data was collected to test our hypotheses. The participants from four secondary schools in China mainland were asked to take part in our survey and completed it by the deadline. At the first time (at March 15-20, 2020, T1), the questionnaires including parental conflict were sent to participants by emails independently. And the second (June 20-25, 2020, T2) and the third times (December 15-20, 2020, T3), with the help of header teachers, students were asked to complete the questionnaires including family support (at T2), burdensomeness (at T2), and adolescent’s depression (at T3) at classroom, and collect questionnaires when they completed it. A total of 655 adolescents completed the three-wave survey, and was used in following analysis. Among the 655 participants, of whom 338(51.6%) were men, 384(58.6%) were the 8th grade students and 271 (41.4%) were the 9th grade students. Participants were between 13 and 16 years old, with an average age of M = 14.37, SD = 0.66. Approximate 8% students who participate in the survey of T1 didn’t participate the surveys of T2 and T3 due to their graduation, sick or personal leave. This study was conducted under the approval of the moral and ethical committee of the School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, and with written informed consent from their parents or guardians.
The software of SPSS 16.0 was used to investigate the relations among studies variables. Descriptive analysis showed that the incidence of mild and moderate or severe depression was 19.1% and 10.5%, respectively. Logit regression analysis showed that, as one of the important risk family influencing factors, parental conflict was a risk factor for adolescent’s depression, and the subscale of (adolescent related) content, triangulation, and unsolved resolution to conflict have lager impact on adolescent’s adjustment than other subscales. Furthermore, parental conflict has an indirect impact on adolescent’s depression symptoms through reducing family support and increasing burdensomeness. In addition, gender difference, grade difference, and parental education level difference were also found in predicting adolescent’s depression symptoms. These findings above have implications for educational counsellors or guardians in improving adolescent’s health during the large scale of the pandemic.
Key words: depression, parental conflict, adolescent, family support, burdensomeness
父母情绪调节、儿童情绪调节与儿童对立违抗症状的纵向关系
陈慧 蔺秀云*
北京师范大学发展心理研究院
摘要:对立违抗障碍(Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ODD)在儿童青少年中具有较高发病率,表现为持久的愤怒/易激惹心境、争辩/对抗行为,或报复模式。ODD儿童常存在严重的情绪调节缺陷,被视为情绪调节困难带来的问题。除ODD儿童自身的情绪调节缺陷与其ODD症状有显著的相关外,父母的情绪调节与其ODD症状也具有显著联系。根据强制理论,父母的行为和儿童的问题具有双向影响和相互加重的关系,但父母的情绪调节、儿童的情绪调节与儿童的ODD症状三者之间的长期关系尚不明确。本研究采用情绪调节困难量表、情绪调节清单对275名具有ODD症状的儿童进行了三年纵向研究 (T1,T2,T3),并考察父母的情绪调节(包含情绪知觉缺乏、情绪调节困难两个维度)、儿童的情绪调节(包含消极和不稳定、情绪调节两个维度)与儿童的ODD症状的纵向关系。结果发现:(1)TI父母的情绪调节(情绪调节困难)显著正向预测T2儿童的情绪调节(消极和不稳定);(2)T1的儿童ODD症状显著正向预测T2父母的情绪调节(情绪调节困难),继而显著正向预测T3儿童ODD症状;(3)T2儿童的情绪调节(情绪调节)显著负向预测T3父母的情绪调节(情绪调节困难)。研究结果表明,父母的情绪调节、儿童的情绪调节与儿童的ODD症状存在一定的双向影响关系。结果提示,干预儿童的ODD症状应考虑亲子之间的相互影响,不仅需要提高儿童的情绪调节能力,也要注意提高父母的情绪调节能力。
关键词:对立违抗障碍,父母情绪调节,儿童情绪调节,纵向