2023年3月

What Is a Dating Red Flag?
什么是约会警示信号

A dating red flag is a warning sign that appears during a date that could indicate a problem, miscommunication, or challenge in the future. Examples of dating red flags are: Talking only about themselves, avoiding difficult conversations, gossiping about their ex, and withholding affection. Dating red flags can reveal themselves through a negative sign or action, a verbal or physical cue, or the hint of a personality flaw, and they can be dangerous if not spotted early.

Red flags in the early stages of dating can be subtle or obvious. If a red flag appears more than once, it’s important to take note before the relationship goes too far.

约会警示信号是指在约会中出现的、可能预示着未来某种问题、无法正常沟通或某种挑战的信号。一些约会警示信号包括:只谈论自己、回避棘手话题、八卦前任、收回自己的爱意(冷战)等。具体表现可能会是某种负面的迹象或行为、语言或肢体信号、人格缺陷迹象等。如果不提前发现,可能就会很危险。

约会早期的警示信号可能并不明显。如果一个警示信号出现不仅一次,那么就需要在这段感情进一步发展之前予以重视。


Personal Red Flags
关于个人的警示信号

01

His personal hygiene is bad
个人卫生很差

When two people get close and comfortable with each other, they accept both the good and bad habits of the other person. However, if you’re just on the first or second date and your partner doesn’t groom himself appropriately, he is probably telling you that you’re not important enough for him to make the effort to look good or smell nice.当两个人变得亲密时,他们会将彼此的好习惯和坏习惯都全盘接受。但如果你们只是第一次或第二次约会,对方没有打扮得体,他可能就是在告诉你你并不值得他花精力捯饬自己。

Someone who doesn’t put in the effort now may get even worse in the long run. So it’s either he changes now, or you take the clue and part ways with him. 在现阶段都不愿意在这方面花精力的人以后可能会更更变本加厉。所以,要么是他现在改变,要么是你接收他的暗示信号,赶紧分道扬镳。

02

They’re rude to waitstaff, ushers, and other service workers
他们对服务人员态度粗鲁

If you’re meeting Joey for dinner and he’s rude to your server for no reason, it’s a good indicator of how he treats people in general. He might be all smiles toward you early on, but that’s because he’s still trying to impress you. The same red flag applies to other service industry folk, like ticket takers, ushers, baristas, and bartenders.如果你和Joey见面吃完饭,他对你的服务人员毫无缘由地态度粗鲁,那么很可能这意味着他整体上都是以这种态度对待别人的。他可能在一开始对你温文尔雅,但那可能只是因为他依旧试图给你留下好印象。这一警示信号同时也适用于其他服务行业人员,比如检票员、引座员、咖啡师和酒吧吧台服务人员等。

03

Feeling low self-esteem
低自尊感

The people closest to you should build you up, not break you down.

When you love someone, you are committed to supporting and uplifting them. If you do not feel that support from your partner, family or friends, something needs to change.

与你最亲密的人应该让你变得更好,而不是摧毁你。

当你爱某个人时,你会全心全意去支持对方、托举对方。但如果你感觉不到对方、家人或朋友给你这种支持,那么就需要做出一些改变了。

04

Lack of emotional intelligence
缺乏情商

Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive and manage emotions.

People with a low level of emotional intelligence are unable to pick up on your feelings or empathize with you. This often results in unnecessary conflicts or forms of manipulation.

情商,是指识别并管理情绪的能力。

低情商者无法意识到你的感受,或无法与你共情。这通常会导致非必要的冲突或各种形式的操纵。

05

Narcissism/自恋

Narcissistic personality disorder is a mental condition that indicates self-obsession, a misplaced sense of importance. It can come across as delusions of grandeur, although not in a clinical sense. They are not experiencing a break with reality, although it might feel that way to the people close to them. Narcissists believe that the world revolves around them. And if anybody threatens this belief, turmoil and chaos tend to follow.

Being emotionally involved with a narcissistic, ego-driven person can be exhausting and traumatizing. Their needs will always be considered more important than yours.

自恋人格障碍是一种精神疾病,这意味着自我沉迷(过度聚焦于自己),扭曲的重要感。它可以表现为自己很了不起的错觉,尽管这并非从临床诊断角度而言。他们并没有脱离现实,虽然可能会让他们身边之人有这种感觉。自恋者认为这个世界是围绕着他们转的。如果有任何人威胁到这种信念,那么狂暴混乱就会随之而至。

与一个自恋、ego(自我、自尊感、面子)驱动之人产生任何类型的情感关系,都会令人筋疲力尽或遭受创伤。他们总是会认为自己的需求要比你的更重要。

06

Anger management issues
愤怒管理问题

If someone you are close to has anger management issues, you might feel threatened or unsafe during conflict. Lack of emotional regulation is a definite red flag for any relationship.

We all should feel comfortable enough with a partner or friend to tackle difficult subjects without fearing for our safety. Anyone who uses anger as an intimidation tactic is displaying toxic behavior.

如果你身边的人有愤怒管理问题,你可能会在冲突情形中感到有危险或不安全。缺乏情绪管理能力是任何情感关系的明确警示信号。

我们都应该能够在与伴侣或朋友应对棘手话题时,感到足够的安心从容,并且不需要为自己的安全担忧。用愤怒作为震慑策略,是一种毒性的行为。

07

Inability to resolve conflict
无法解决冲突

People that avoid conflict might think they are protecting the relationship from ruin. But in the end, it only results in long-winded passive aggression.

As uncomfortable as it can be, embracing constructive conflict is a crucial element of all relationships. Without productive conflict, serious matters can never be resolved. This can lead to resentment and wasted energy.

回避冲突者可能会觉得自己是在保护这段感情。但最终,这只会导致长期的消极式攻击行为。

尽管人们很不喜欢,但坦然面对有建设性的冲突,是所有感情关系中的关键要素。没有这种建设性冲突,一些重大问题就永远无法被解决,而这也会导致怨恨和浪费能量。

08

They Aren’t Very Motivated
他们没有很多自驱性

Motivation doesn’t necessarily mean career advancement and productivity. Although the inability to maintain a job IS a major red flag.

Are they motivated to learn or try new things?

Are they motivated to find new, fun date ideas?

Or… do they constantly try new things but don’t commit? Do they give up too easy? Do they complain a lot? These are all red flags!

自驱性并不一定意味着事业的发展和工作效率。但无法维持一份工作,这的确也是一个重大警示信号。

他们是否会主动学习和尝试新事物?

他们是否会主动寻找有趣的新约会创意?

或者,他们是否总是在尝试新事物但对什么都是浅尝辄止?他们是否很容易就放弃?他们是否经常抱怨?这些都是警示信号!

09

They act irresponsibly
他们不负责任

If your date isn’t capable of handling some of the basic responsibilities that go along with being a dating adult—or worse, shuns them altogether—you should reevaluate your relationship with them. There’s nothing wrong with being a child at heart, but here are some examples of “Peter Pan Syndrome” red flags:

如果你的约会对象无法应对作为一名成年约会对象应有的基本责任,或者更糟糕的是甚至完全回避,那么你就该重新审视你们的感情关系。有童心,这没问题,但下面是“彼得潘综合症”警示信号的一些例子:

Financial irresponsibility or incompatibility
经济方面不负责任或经济理念不一致

Clinging to their parents/啃老

Inappropriate social behavior/不适当的社交行为:
There’s a time and place for certain humor, conversation topics, and other behavior. If your date seems openly immature or oblivious to major social norms on your first few dates, it will likely only get worse as they get more comfortable with you.
一些幽默、话题或其他行为都是需要特定场合和时机的。如果你的约会对象似乎在你们刚开始约会时就很明显表现得不成熟,或对一些普遍社会准则似乎并不知晓,那么当他们跟你越来越亲近后,这些行为很可能只会变本加厉。

Your date doesn’t have to act like a grown-up all the time, but the last thing you want is to date someone emotionally your junior, or have to teach them how to be an adult. You want to be a partner, not a parent.

你的约会对象并非要一直都表现成熟,但你最不需要的,是和一个在情商方面低于自己的、一个必须由你来教导如何作为成年人的约会对象。你需要作为对方的伙伴,而非对方的父母。

10

They have issues in the bedroom
房事问题

Sex is a big part of a normal adult relationship, and plenty of red flags can appear in (and around) the bedroom early on. Below are two major bedroom-related red flags to keep an eye out for:

性,是正常成年人感情关系中的很大一部分,而且在最初阶段,在性爱方面可能会出现很多警示信号。以下是在性爱方面两个需要高度警惕的警示信号:

They refuse to talk about sex. If you’ve both established that you want to wait, that’s one thing, but if you broach the subject at a reasonable time in the relationship (i.e. not the first date) and they change the subject or never show any interest in discussing things with you, something is up.
他们拒绝谈论性爱。如果你们都同意先暂时搁置,那是另外一回事。但如果你在这段感情中合理的时间(即,并非首次约会时)提到了这一话题,但对方切换了话题,或表现出对这一讨论完全不感兴趣,那就是有问题了。

They want to have sex, but they’re selfish about it. They only care about their pleasure and not about yours. They ask you to do things that they refuse to reciprocate, like oral sex.
他们想要性活动,但却很自私。他们只考虑自己的快感,而非你的。他们会提出特殊请求但自己却拒绝对你做同样的事,比如oral sex。

Both of these red flags spell out trouble in the future. Either you’ll be sexually frustrated, hoping they’ll finally come around, or you’ll be constantly pleasing them in hopes they’ll eventually return the favor. Either way, there’s no reason for you to spend time in a sexually unsatisfying relationship.
这两种警示信号都意味着未来的问题。要么是你在性生活方面感到受挫,寄希望于他们能自己意识到个人问题,或你不断在取悦对方,等待着他们最终投桃报李。无论那种情形,都没有理由让你继续待在一段性生活不幸福的感情关系中。

11

They indulge in negging
他们热衷于贬低

Negging involves giving backhanded compliments to shatter someone’s self-confidence. For instance, they tell you, “Wow! You look pretty today. I wish you wore makeup every day.” Negging can make you doubt your self-worth.

贬低,也包括给与一些明褒实贬的赞美来击碎一个人的自信。比如,他们会告诉你,“哇,你今天看起来好美。我真希望你每天都化妆。”贬低,会让你质疑自己的自我价值。

12

They always complain
他们总是在抱怨

It is okay to share your views and opinions with your dating partner, but it is not healthy to complain non-stop. If your partner almost always has a problem with everything you do or say or criticizes everything within sight, they are not the right person for you.

和约会对象分享个人观点,这是没问题的,但一直喋喋不休抱怨,这则是不健康的。如果对方总是对你做的每一件事或说的每一句话都有意见,或批评目光所及的一切事物,那么这个人就并非适合你的那个人。

13

They are self-centered
他们以自我为中心

A self-centered person makes a relationship all about themselves. They use you only until you fulfill their needs and have absolutely no consideration for your feelings. They even blame you for anything that hurts them.

自我为中心者让让所感情关系都围绕着他们。他们会利用你直到满足他们的需求,而且完全不顾及你的感受。他们甚至会将自己感到的任何伤害归咎于你身上。

14

They are dishonest
他们不诚实

A relationship cannot survive for long when there is a lack of honesty between partners. Your dating partner may have numerous reasons to lie to you. They do not pick up your calls or text you promptly, and they even miss dates. These show their lack of respect for you.

当缺乏坦诚时,一段感情关系是无法长久的。对方可能会有无数原因向你撒谎。他们没有立即接你电话或给你发信息,甚至约会时放你鸽子。这些都表示他们缺乏对你的尊重。

15

They do not keep their words
他们言而无信

They make thousands of promises but seldom keep even one of them. They proclaim their love for you daily, but you never get to see their love in their actions. Judge them by their actions and not their words.

他们做出上千个承诺但甚至无法履行其中一个。他们每天都在宣称很爱你,但你却从来没有在他们的行动中感受到他们的爱。用他们的行为作为衡量标尺,而非言辞!

16

They always blame other people
他们总是在指责别人

A cynical person is never happy in life and always blames others for their misfortunes. It can be their parents, siblings, teachers, co-workers, or just about anyone they can think of. They never take responsibility and are always looking to curse others for their unhappiness. If your date is one such person, keep a safe distance from them.

一个愤世嫉俗的人在生活中从不开心,从来都是将个人不幸归咎于其他人身上。或许是他们的父母、兄弟姐妹、老师、同事或他们想到的任何人。他们从来不承担责任,总是会因自己的痛苦而咒骂别人。如果你的约会对象是这样一个人,那么,保持安全距离!

17

They hesitate to make your relationship public
他们迟迟不愿公开你们的感情

You have gone out on enough dates, yet when it comes to making the relationship official, they hesitate. Your relationship status reads ‘committed’ on social media, while theirs remains ‘single’. They may not post lovey-dovey couple pictures, and that’s understood, but if they are consciously hiding your relationship, it is a warning sign.

你们已经约会了足够多次,但当要正式宣布你们的感情关系时,对方却犹豫不决。在社交媒体上,你的感情状态写的是“处于一段正式感情中”,而对方的依旧是“单身”。他们可能不会发布你们两个人卿卿我我的照片,这可以理解。但如果对方在可以隐藏你们的感情关系,那么这就是一个警告信号了。

18

They are unable to form meaningful relationships
他们无法建立有意义的人际和情感关系

Having short-term relationships in the past does not make a person unsuitable for you. But if, in addition to this, they also lack good relations with their family and do not have friends, there must be something amiss. And you need to find out why they are unable to maintain good relations with other people.

在过去,拥有一些短期的感情经历或人际关系,这并不意味着这个人就不适合你。但如果,除此之外,如果对方与自己的家人也关系不佳,且没有朋友,那么就肯定是存在着某些问题了。你需要找出为什么他们无法和其他人维持良好关系。

19

He sounds regretful about his life rather than appreciative
他对人生充满遗憾而非珍惜感恩

Dating red flags aren’t always glaring especially when you’ve just started communicating with the man. In relationships, there are different kinds of people; the ones who seem to resent their ‘luck’ and the ones who appreciate each experience as it comes.

You should run the other way if the guy you’re hoping to enter a relationship with is always bemoaning his choices and life overall. It is only a man who appreciates each life experience that will help you see the good in life regardless of what may happen.

约会中的警示信号并非总是特别显眼,尤其是当你只是刚开始和一个人交流时。感情关系这片大林子中什么鸟都有。比如有似乎对自己“运气”愤愤不平的,以及带着珍惜感恩心态看待每段经历的。

如果对方总是在抱怨自己的选择和人生,那么你应该赶紧逃离。只有一个珍惜每段人生经历的人才会帮助你在人生各种境遇中让你看到光明美好一面。

20

He nitpicks about the most irrelevant things
他对最鸡毛蒜皮的事也总是挑刺

Many people think women are more prone to nitpick about stuff but men do it too. They’ll fuss about everything from the way you dress to the friends you keep.

One dating red flag is when someone you’re dating can’t focus on important things but chooses to give time to irrelevant details. It’s something that can be manageable, but it could also get very annoying fast.

很多人觉得女性更易于挑刺,但男性也会这样做。从你的穿着方式,到你的朋友,他们都会批评指摘。约会时的一个警示信号是,对方无法专注于重要事情,而是选择将时间花在无关紧要的细枝末节上。这虽然是可以控制的行为习惯,但也会很快让人感到恼怒。

021

It is almost impossible for him to appear impressed by what anyone else does
似乎几乎没有任何东西能让他们赞叹

No one is perfect. However, the least each person can do is to cheer someone up when they achieve a feat—no matter how small it is. If your man is someone who finds nothing impressive, there is a big problem.

It means that he will always demand more than you are willing to or can give of yourself. Relationships of this kind become toxic and hard to break out from. It is best if you let him go before you go deeper than you already have.

没有人是完美的,但一个人最起码能做的,是当别人实现一些成就时,无论多小,都予以鼓励喝彩。如果你的约会对象觉得任何东西都是“不过如此”,那么这就是一个大问题了。

这意味着他的要求总是会超出你愿意给予或能够给予的程度。这种感情关系会变得毒性,难以摆脱。在你进一步深陷之前,最好赶紧放手。

22

Substance or alcohol abuse
毒品或酒精滥用

I don’t need to be a relationship expert to tell you that hard drug use is an immediate disqualifier.

Hard drugs are anything you have to cook, cut, stretch, or compress. Within the “cooking” and “cutting” categories, I’m including abuse of any prescription drugs and pill-popping. I’m also willing to consider slight psychedelic use for constructive purposes. It’s one thing if a person occasionally enjoys a smoke. It’s a different story entirely if they have to use it every day. Not only is that an addiction (by definition), but it’s also likely a way to cope with other issues. The same thing is true for alcohol.

我不需要作为一个感情专家才能告诉你,一旦发现对方使用烈性毒品,要立即取消资格!

烈性毒品是任何需要化学制作、切割、拉伸或压制的毒品。这里在“化学制作”和“切割”分类中,也包括对任何处方药的滥用或嗑药丸。如果是出于有益原因而使用少量致幻药物,我也愿意考虑。如果一个人偶尔抽一口,这是一回事,但如果他们每天都在使用,那就完全是另一回事了。这不仅是一种瘾症(根据定义),而且也可能是他应对其他问题的一种方式。对酗酒而言也是同理。

23

All of his exes are narcissists, have bipolar disorder, or have some mental health issue
他所有前任都是自恋者、有双向情感障碍,或有某种精神健康问题

In general, I think it’s a bad idea to ever bring up old relationships with new partners. Talking about exes all the time could be another red flag by itself, but I feel like that’s obvious enough to not warrant its own section.

However, it’s not unusual for the conversation to naturally drift that way—especially at the beginning of a new relationship. It’s not uncommon to bring up issues related to the last break up, why things ended, and what your last relationship was like.

一般来说的话,我认为和新对象谈起旧感情经历,这并不明智。总是在谈论前任,这本身也是一个警示信号,但我觉得这个已经足够明显,因此不需要另外写出来去赘述。

但谈话自然而然偏向那个话题,这并不罕见,尤其在一段新感情初期。人们经常就会提到之前的分手,为什么分手,以及上段感情经历怎么样等。

If the conversation gets on this topic, then pay attention to how a man describes his exes. There’s nothing wrong with him listing her bad behavior that contributed to the decline of the relationship, but it’s a huge red flag if he starts using buzzwords for mental health issues to describe her.

It’s a deal-breaker because it’s a cowardly way to avoid taking responsibility for his bad decisions.

It’s a lot easier to say there was something wrong with her to figure out how his actions contributed to things. And yes, this explanation is often used in place of taking responsibility for things because it rules out the possibility that she was fine, but he had behaved in a way that made her act that way.

如果谈话谈到这一话题,那么密切注意对方是如何描述他的前任们的。如果他列出前任的所有导致那段感情结束的不良行为,那么这没问题,但如果他开始用一些精神健康问题热门词汇来形容她,那就是一个巨大警示信号了。

这种行为意味着这段感情不值得维持,因为逃避为自己的错误决定承担责任,这是一种懦弱的行为。

相比去思考自己有哪些行为导致了问题的发生,更简单轻松的方式就是宣告说前任有问题。是的,这种说法一般常见于需要为事情承担责任的情形,因为只要说都是对方有问题,那么就排除了这种可能性:她自身并没问题,是他的某种行为方式导致了她做出那种反应的。

24

No friends/没有朋友

This doesn’t just mean friends that he’s met recently, although that’s important too.

You don’t want to be with a socially awkward, reclusive guy, who has no idea how to behave like a generally likable human. This also goes for his past friends as well.

If a guy doesn’t have any friends that he’s known before the age of 18, this isn’t necessarily a red flag, but it should make you start looking at things a bit more in-depth.

If a guy doesn’t have any friends from before 22, that’s a red flag.

But it’s a red flag you need to ask questions about. This is the type of thing that might not even make itself known because you met in a city he relocated to. However, after dating him for a little while, you need to see that he’s had friends for a while.

这并不是指他最近遇到的朋友,尽管这也重要。

你不想和一个不擅社交,离群索居,不懂正常社交行为的人在一起。所以这里的“朋友”也包括他以前的朋友。

如果一个男性没有任何18岁以前时认识的朋友,这并不一定就是一个警示信号,但足以让你试图深究一下。

如果一个男人没有任何22岁之前认识的朋友,那么这就是一个警示信号了。

但这是一个你需要询问的警示信号。如果他之前并不生活在你们相识的城市,那么这类事情可能甚至不会为人所知。但在和他交往一小段时间后,你需要看到对方一段时间来是有朋友的。

This is important because generally speaking, a guy doesn’t have friends because he’s either a social recluse or he’s screwed a bunch of people over—and even the socially awkward guys tend to group up and be friends with one another. So you’re usually looking at a dude with serious personal issues.

His family doesn’t count. He must have people who have chosen to be around him (preferably for an extended period of time) of their own free will. Not familial obligation.

这很重要,因为整体而言,一个男人没有朋友,往往是因为他在社交方面离群索居,或者他曾经坑了很多人——即使不擅社交者也往往会抱团,和彼此成为朋友。所以通常情况下,这意味着对方有严重个人问题。

他的家人不算。这里的朋友必须是指那些自愿选择和他交往的人(最好是长期的),而非出于家庭义务。

25

Always late/总是迟到

Yes, things happen. With that said, we live in the 21st century with cellular devices. Not only can you call if something comes up, but you can also text. Hell, you can even send a message through various social media and dating apps.

的确,总是会有意外情况。尽管如此,我们活在有移动设备的21世纪。如果有事发生,你不仅可以打电话,还可以发信息。甚至还可以通过各种社交媒体和约会app发送信息。

Showing up late, even once, without calling and texting, should be grounds for dismissal from your life.

If a guy is always late, even if he calls and texts, this is also a big deal. This means he’s terrible at managing his time or honoring his plans isn’t important to him. Either way, this is not a good sign for the future.

Remember, I’m not talking about the 5-10 minutes needed to find a parking spot. That’s acceptable. But if someone is more than 15 minutes late and the lateness fits the above description, then it’s likely a big red flag.
迟到且没有任何电话或信息,即使只是一次,应该成为从你人生中将其“案件驳回”的足够依据。如果一个人总是迟到,即使他打电话和发信息了,这也是一个严重问题。这意味着他缺乏时间管理能力,或者对他而言,守约并不那么重要。无论那种情况,对未来而言都并非好的信号。

记住,我这里不是说需要找停车位的5-10分钟。这是可以接受的。但如果一个人迟到了15分钟以上,且符合上面的描述,那么这就可能是一个很大的警示信号。

26

Male feminists
男性女权主义者

Generally speaking, avoid men who use any words ending in “ist” or “ism” to define themselves. Specifically, male feminists are problematic because they already hate what makes them male. This means that they will have trouble behaving like a man you would like to date.

I’ll elaborate.

一般来说,回避那些用“xxxx主义者”和“xxx主义”来定义自己的男性。尤其是男性女权主义者更是充满问题的,因为他们已经讨厌自己性别的一些固有要素了。这意味着他们很难达到你对男性约会对象的期望。

我来详细解释一下。

There is nothing wrong with believing that everyone deserves the same opportunities and equal treatment under the law. But if you’re a man who feels the need to make one of his defining traits that he’s championing for women’s rights (and women already have the same rights as men and by many metrics, are ahead of men), then this man has an ulterior motive.

认为每个人在法律下都值得得到同样的机遇和同样的对待,这本身无问题。但如果一个男人觉得需要将捍卫女性权益作为自己的定义特征(且女性已经拥有了这些和男人一样的权益,而且从很多角度而言,要领先于男性),那么这个人就有着不可告人的动机。

Very often, these men are predators and abusers of women themselves. Ultimately, it’s just a trick to ingratiate themselves with women without doing the work of becoming a more attractive man.通常,这些男人是以女性为对象的捕猎者和虐待者。归根结底,这只是他们不用提升自己就可以讨好女性的一个手段。


Relational red flags
与感情关系有关的警示信号

01

They get too serious too fast and love bombing
他们过快变得认真;爱情轰炸

Your date says and does everything perfectly, as if they were in a romantic comedy or romance novel. They’re so flattering, they lure you in and try to make things serious as fast as they can. Remember: If things seem too good to be true, they probably are. Also watch for your date acting possessively, checking in on you repeatedly, and wanting to know where you are at all times. It could be a sign they’re clingy or possessive, both of which are stifling, and bad signals for a future relationship.

Everyone should date at their own comfortable pace. If Greg is pushing you for commitment early in the dating process, it’s likely because of his insecurity or lacking emotional intelligence. Greg is trying to “lock you down” before you have the chance to recognize his flaws. This is called “love bombing.”

你的约会对象的言辞和行为堪称完美,仿佛是在一个爱情浪漫剧或爱情小说中。他们甜言蜜语,不断引诱,试图让这段感情尽快变得正式。记住,如果事情太过美好以至于不真实,那么很可能事实就是这样。另外也警惕对方行为表现出占有欲,不断联系你,时时刻刻想要知道你在哪里,这可能就意味着对方太粘你,或有占有欲。两种情形都是令人窒息的,也是未来感情关系的不良讯号。

每个人都应该按照自己感到舒适的速度去发展感情。如果Greg在约会早期就不断催促你想让你赶紧和他确立正式关系,那么这可能是因为他自身的不安全感或缺乏情商。Greg是试图在你发现他的缺陷之前“锁定你”。这被称作“爱情轰炸”。

Love bombing’s purpose is to make you feel appreciated so you are more receptive to them and their desires. They get their victim to tell them intimate details of their life and later use these details against them. It is to attempt to ensure future emotional and physical intimacy while setting you up for long-term manipulation and abuse.

Love bombing seems wonderful when it’s happening, but it’s often a very early sign of things to come.

爱情轰炸的目的是让你感到被珍惜,从而让你更愿意接受他们和他们的欲求。他们会让他们的受害者们吐露自己人生的细节信息,之后则会用这些信息来攻击受害者。他们这是在试图确保未来情感和肢体亲密的同时,也为长期操纵和虐待你铺下道路。

爱情轰炸在发生时似乎很美好,但通常是未来各种问题的一个非常早期的迹象。

02

He makes you believe you’re both in love, even though you hardly know one another well
他让你相信你们都彼此相爱,即使你对他并不充分了解

It is true that love, at first sight, is possible. However, even people who fall in love that quickly don’t express it just as easily. As long as the partners understand both the spoken and unspoken rules of dating, they will give each other time to know the other person before making love proclamations.

一见钟情,当然是可能的。但甚至如此快速陷入爱河的人也不会这么轻易地就表达出来。只要双方都懂得关于约会的一些明确规则和潜在规则,他们就会在给出爱的宣言前给对方时间去了解彼此。

03

He seems to be extra connected to you because you both share many similarities
他似乎和你特别有共鸣因为你们有很多相同点

Any woman will be glad to see that her new boyfriend is connecting with her so soon into the relationship and the universe appears to be in favor of the union. However, how soon is too soon, and how connected is too connected?

When he claims to understand each of the memories you share with him, even the ones that he shouldn’t have had any form of similarities with, you should be worried. The more he claims to relate with everything you say, the more rushed or forced it should seem.

It is either he had been stalking you before you started talking or, he is trying to suck up to you because of what he hopes to get from you.

任何女性都会很高兴看到新男友很早就和自己有共鸣感,而且两人像是天作之合。但多么早是过早?怎样的心意相通是过度的?

当他宣称理解你告诉他的每一段回忆,甚至那些他根本不可能找到任何有相似之处的回忆,那么你就该感到担忧了。他越是宣称和你说的一切都感同身受,那么就看起来就越草率和虚伪。

要么是他在和你开始交谈之前就跟踪你,要么是他在为了自己想从你这里得到的东西而刻意迎合你。

04

He is too eager to get into your personal space from the first date
从第一次约会就过度心急地想要侵入你的个人空间

If from the first official date his behavior indicates that he wants to be in your personal space, you should see it as one of the dating warning signs to address ASAP.

For example, if he thinks holding hands and kissing right after dinner on the first date is not bad but you don’t like it, let him know. For someone else, this could be acceptable, but for others, that’s a boundary you shouldn’t cross.

如果从第一次正式约会时他的行为就透露出他想要进入你的个人空间,那么你应该将其视为一个应尽快处理的早期警示信号。

例如,如果他觉得在第一次约会晚餐后牵手和亲吻并没有问题,但你不喜欢,你要告诉他。对其他一些人,这可能是可以接受的,但对其他人,这是不能逾越的界限。

05

Overly controlling behavior
过度控制行为

Overly controlling behavior is a common red flag. People that try to control your movements, decisions, or beliefs are more concerned about what they want than what is best for you. And they check your phone and social media

In a healthy relationship, there is compromise and understanding around differences. Not one person controls the other person’s actions.

过度控制行为是一种常见的警示信号。试图控制你的行为、决策和想法的人更关心自己要什么而非为你着想。而且他们会查看你的手机和社交媒体。

在一段健康感情关系中,有分歧时,会有让步和理解。而非一方控制另一方的行为。

06

Constant jealousy
总是在嫉妒

It is natural to feel jealous when your partner or friend is spending a lot of time with others. However, that is not an excuse to let it cloud your judgment.

Someone who is constantly jealous of your connection with others cares more about what they want than your happiness.

当你的伴侣和朋友与他人在一起时,很自然会感到嫉妒,但这并不是让它影响你判断力的一个借口。

一个总是嫉妒你和别人关系的人,更关心自己想要的,而非你快乐与否。

07

Physical, emotional, or mental abuse
肢体、情感、精神虐待

Physical, emotional, and mental abuse are undeniable red flags in any relationship. Physical abuse is easier to pick up. But emotional and mental abuse can be just as damaging in the long run. And just like physical abuse, mental and emotional abuse can cause PTSD.

Nobody ever has the right to use you as a scapegoat for their own problems. Those should be dealt with constructively and fairly. Abuse is never an acceptable response to a problem.

肢体、情感、精神虐待是感情关系中不容否认的警示信号。肢体暴力很容易识别。但情感和精神虐待长期而言也同样具有摧毁性。而且同肢体暴力一样,精神和情感虐待也会导致PTSD。

没有人有权利将你作为他们个人问题的替罪羊。应该以有建设性的、公平的方式应对他们的这些问题。虐待是一种绝对不可接受的问题应对方式。

08

Gaslighting/煤气灯操纵

Gaslighting is a common tactic of manipulation. It is an insidious form of emotional abuse in which the manipulator will make you question your own sanity or judgments.

Victims of gaslighting are made to feel guilty regardless of whether or not they did anything wrong. Gaslighting is a clear red flag in any relationship.

煤气灯操纵是一种常见的操纵手段。这是一种隐晦且有害的情感虐待方式,操纵者会让你质疑你自己的理智和判断。

这种操纵手段的受害者无论自己是否做错,都会在施害者操纵下感到内疚。煤气灯操纵是任何人际关系中的一种明确的警示信号。

09

Codependency/病态共同依赖

Codependency and the ensuing emotional labor might not always present themselves as toxic. But codependency in relationships can be a pervasive pattern that causes issues such as emotional exhaustion and increasing mental load.

Codependency, or “relationship addiction,” happens when two people rely on each other exclusively for emotional, psychological, and even physical support. This alienates them from their other relationships and can stunt personal growth.

病态共同依赖以及其所导致的情绪劳动可能并不会表现出有毒性,但感情关系中的病态共同依赖可能会作为一种模式蔓延到各个方面,从而导致情绪疲劳和精神负担增加等问题。

*(Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. More specifically, workers are expected to regulate their emotions during interactions with customers, co-workers, clients and managers.情绪劳动是指管理个人感受和表情以符合工作对情绪的要求的这一过程。更具体而言,工作人员在和顾客、同事、客户和管理人员互动时,被期望能够管理他们的情绪。)

10

They try to push past your boundaries
他们试图侵入你的个人界限

Finding love should never mean being uncomfortable and doing things you don’t want to do. Watch out for “boundary-pushing behavior”:

Vanessa Marin, a licensed marriage and family therapist agrees that someone pressuring you to have sex is a major red flag. If you’re not interested, that’s that. Giving in to their unwanted advances now will only encourage the same boundary pushing behavior later on. If they can’t respect your boundaries this early into your relationship, you don’t want to be with them.

爱情,从来不会是意味着你感到不舒服、或者做自己不想做的事。警惕那些侵犯个人界限的行为:

Vanessa Marin,一位执照婚姻家庭心理咨询师,也认同说一些人在性方面给你施加压力,也是一种重大警示信号。如果你不感兴趣,那么就该拒绝。如果虽然不情愿但依旧屈服于对方的要求,这只会助长这种侵犯界限的行为。如果他们在这么一开始都不尊重你的个人界限,那么你是不想和这样的人在一起的。

Not all boundaries are sexual, however. Your date sharing too much personal information too soon can be a boundary-pushing red flag as well. If Sally is telling you extremely personal things over your first cup of coffee together, there could be some more serious emotional issues at play. If you ask Sally if you can buy her a drink, for example, and she declines and explains that she has a bad history with alcohol, that’s okay. But if Sally is telling you her deepest, darkest secrets just to make idle conversation, it may signal that her definition of personal boundaries is much different than yours. Her sharing things isn’t necessarily bad, but if it makes you uncomfortable, it’s definitely a red flag for you.

但并非所有界限都是和性活动相关的。你的约会对象很快就披露过多的个人信息,这也是一种侵犯个人界限的警示信号。如果Sally在你们第一次喝咖啡时就告诉了你极其隐私的事情,那么这可能意味着她存在一些更严重情绪问题。但比如说,如果你问Sally你是否可以给她买杯喝的,她拒绝了,并解释说自己在酒精方面有些不好的经历。这没关系。但如果在你们只是随便聊天时Sally就告诉了你她最深处最黑暗的秘密,这可能意味着她对个人界限的定义与你有很大差异。她分享信息,这并不一定是坏事,但如果让你感到不适,那就绝对对你而言是一个警示信号了。

11

They’re Hot and Cold/忽冷忽热

Benching is When someone you've been dating stops agreeing to meet in person but continues to contact you over message or social media.

Breadcrumbing is leading someone on with no intention of ever meeting in-person or building a real relationship

Are they wishy-washy with their affections? Do they draw away from you for long periods and seem to want you to go after them?

UGH - red flag!

Benching(做替补),是指你一直在约会的一个人不再同意见面,但依旧和你通过信息或社交媒体联系。

Breadcrumbing(面包屑),是指一直吊着一个人,但又不打算见面或建立一段真正的感情关系。

他们的爱意是不是时有时无?他们是否会长期对你冷淡,像是想让你去主动追求他?

绝对的警示信号!

12

They’re flat-out disrespectful (beyond playful, mutual teasing)
他们完全不尊重你(远非玩闹或互相开玩笑的程度)

Poking fun at each other can be cute, but there’s a line. Watch for negging or other disparaging remarks.

Also, definitely avoid anyone who uses negging as a flirting strategy. That is the worst and a giant red flag.

Disrespect can come in all shapes and sizes, though, and it’s not always easy to read. Your date may be judgmental about your appearance or lifestyle. Or they may assume things about your culture or background, regardless of what you tell them.

互相开玩笑,会很可爱,但这也有个限度。注意贬低或其他打击言辞。另外,绝对要回避那些用贬低作为一种调情策略的人。这是最差劲的,也是一个巨大的警示信号。不尊重别人,有各种各样表现形式,但并非总是容易识别。你的约会对象可能会评判你的外表或生活方式,或者无论你告诉了他们什么,他们依旧会对你的文化和背景做出假设。

13

They body-shame you
身材羞辱

They leave no stone unturned to comment on your body. Even when you are trying to enjoy a meal, they quickly call you out for having something that will make you gain more pounds. It can hurt your feelings and make you hate your body.

他们会毫无遗漏地找机会评判你的身材。甚至即使当你想要享受一顿美餐,他们也会很快批评你说你在吃很容易让你长胖的东西。这会伤害你的感受,让你憎恶自己的身体。

14

They never compromise
他们从不让步

Compromising helps maintain peace in a relationship. If your dating partner never budges, and you are always the one compromising, it is not a good thing. Eventually, you will feel tired of giving in to their wishes and never being able to have your way.

让步,有助于维系感情的稳定。但如果对方从不让步,而你却是一直在让步妥协的一方,这并非好的迹象。最终,你会厌倦不断牺牲自己想法而屈服于对方愿望。

15

They guilt-trip you into doing things
他们对你内疚操纵

A manipulative person often tries to guilt-trip you into doing things you disapprove of. When you refuse them, they try to pressurize you and scare you of the repercussions, coercing you to comply. If your date makes you do something you are not comfortable doing, it is a big sign that they are unsuitable for you.

操纵型的人通常会通过让你感到内疚,让你做自己不愿做的事。当你拒绝他们时,他们会试图对你施压,用后果来恐吓你,胁迫你服从。如果对方让你做一些你不大愿意做的事情,那么这可能就意味着他并不适合你。

16

They never listen to you
他们从来不倾听

Do they ever listen to what you say, or are they always bragging about themselves? A bad listener hardly ever asks questions, and even if they do, they do not wait to listen to what you have to say and somehow steers the conversation toward themselves.

他们是否倾听你说话?还是总是在自吹自擂?一个不懂得倾听的人几乎从不问问题,即使他问了问题,他们也不想等着听你的回答,而且会想方设法把话题引到自己身上去。

17

They never seek your opinion
他们从来不会征询你的意见

Your opinion is neither valued nor sought. They do not think highly of you and openly disregard your views and opinions. No matter who you are dating, if they make you feel unimportant, they are not worth a second of your life.

你的意见要么不被重视,要么根本就不被征询。他们并不欣赏你,而且公开贬低你的观点和意见。无论你和谁在约会,如果对方让你觉得你毫不重要,那么他们不值得你在他们身上花费你生命中的一分一秒。

18

They Never Initiate (Conversations, Intimacy, Dates)
他们从不主动(谈话、亲密、约会)

Does your partner have to be pressed to talk to you, be intimate, or go out on dates?

Reflect on how many times you have initiated conversations in the last two weeks. Were you always the one reaching out?

If you’re further on in the relationship, are you always the one that makes the first romantic move? You should both be passionate and excited about the relationship!

对方是否要被施压才会和你交谈、亲密或约会?

回想在过去两周内有多少次是你主动找他谈话。你是否总是主动的那一方?

如果你们已经在一起了很久,你是否总是在这段感情中主动的一方?一段感情中应该双方都感到激情和兴奋的!

19

He asks you to be his healer and savior

他要求你成为他的疗愈者和救世主

Be aware of your date’s expectations of you as well. Say, if Greg is looking for you to “restore his trust” in people or undo all the damage done to him by previous significant others, that’s way too much pressure on you early on.

也注意对方对你的期望。比如说,Greg期望你重建他对人类的信任,或者消除他前任们对他造成的伤害,那么这在一段恋情早期,对你来说是过于沉重的压力。

20

They’re a drama queen/king
他们是drama queen/king(戏剧女王/国王;戏精)

Some people live for drama. There are definitely “drama kings” out there as well, so the same advice applies to most any relationship. A few other ways to spot a drama queen/king:

“If they are always having some crisis that’s never their fault, if they expect you to provide constant reassurances, drain the emotional energy out of you, or they get upset at signs that you have a life outside of them, then you should ditch them immediately.”

Life is already dramatic enough, so save yourself the struggle and look for someone a little more level-headed.

一些人像是为演戏而生。他们也绝对是一个个戏精,因此同样的建议适用于几乎任何人际关系。识别一个 drama king的其他方法:

如果他们总是在经历一些危机,而且这些危机“从来都不是他们的错”;如果他们期望你不断为他们提供慰藉,耗干你的精神能量,或当发现你在他们之外也有自己的人生时他们感到不爽,那么你就该立马甩掉这样的人。

生活已经够戏剧化了,所以,没必要给自己找气受;转移目光去寻找那些较冷静理智之人。

21

They play games with you
他们只是和你玩玩

No, not the fun kind of games. Love games, dating games, pick-up games—they all lead to people wasting their time and getting hurt. Watch for those who want to use you as some sort of tool or exotic fling. Whoever you’re dating should be interested in spending time together and getting to know you, not using you for an experience, a story to tell, or for the thrill of “the chase.” If they’ve only got one foot in the pool, it’s time to climb out and dry off.

不是那种有趣的玩游戏。爱情游戏、约会游戏、搭讪游戏,这些都会让人浪费时间并受到伤害。注意那些将你作为某种工具或作为异域风情炮友的人。不管你和谁约会,对方都应该有兴趣和你在一起、了解你,而不是将你作为一种经历、一段未来会讲述的故事,或者只是为了享受“追求”过程的刺激。如果他们对这段感情心不在焉,那么现在是时候赶紧调头上岸了。

22

They show no interest in your interests (or worse, deride them)
他们对你的兴趣毫无兴趣(更有甚者,甚至贬低他们)

The early stages of a relationship are all about getting to know each other’s likes and dislikes, but that can’t happen if your date only talks, thinks and cares about themselves. Many of you pointed out this obvious red flag, but selfishness can actually manifest a lot of different ways.

For example, your cute date Lola might shrug off the things that matter to you, all the while expecting you to show interest in the things she likes. Or Lola won’t stop bragging and talking about herself, and when she does give you a chance to talk she’s just waiting for a chance to cut back in.

一段感情的早期阶段主要是围绕着了解对方的喜好和讨厌事物,但如果对方只谈论自己、想着自己、在乎自己,那么这就无法实现。你们很多人都曾指出这一明显的警示信号,但实际上自私,可以表现为很多不同的方式。

例如,你可爱的约会对象Lola可能对你在乎的事情不屑一顾,但同时又期望你对她的爱好感兴趣。或者Lola不停地自吹自擂谈论自己,而且,即使当她给你机会说话时,她也不过是在等机会插入谈话而已。

Maybe Lola doesn’t have any presence whatsoever, constantly glancing at her phone or getting distracted and losing track of the conversation. Perhaps worst of all, Lola does have nice things to say, but only about your appearance, or your possessions and doesn’t show any interest in getting to know you personally. A compliment is nice, but nothing but compliments makes it obvious what they’re after. You hear those trumpets? It’s a red flag raising ceremony.

可能 Lola心思根本就不在这里,不断玩手机或者分心,完全没有在跟上谈话节奏。可能更糟糕的是,Lola的确有一些赞美之词,但只是关于你的外表或你的财富,而且根本对了解你这个人不感兴趣。一次赞美的确是很好的,但只是一味赞美,就让他们的动机昭然若揭了。你听到号声了吗?这简直就是红旗警示信号的升旗仪式啊!

23

They do not support your dreams
他们不支持你的梦想

You tell them you wish to work independently someday, and all they do is laugh. You tell them how you dreamt of becoming an astronaut growing up, and they remind you of your low grades in school. Forget encouragement; they never take your dreams or ambitions in life seriously. They offer no support and instead dissuade you by often mocking you.

你告诉他们你期望有天能自己单干,他们做的只是嘲笑。你告诉他们你小时候曾梦想做个宇航员,他们提醒你你当时成绩可不大好。不仅没有鼓励,他们甚至从来没有把你的梦想或志向当真。他们没有任何支持,而且甚至还通过嘲笑你来试图劝退你。

24

They cancel plans without prior notification
不提前通知就取消计划

They often agree to your plans, but then cancel them at the last moment. When you confront them, they shrug and say they were not in the mood or they wanted to watch something on TV. They don’t even try to come up with a good excuse and have no problem hurting your feelings.

他们通常会同意你的计划,但之后会在最后一刻取消他们。当你质问他们时,他们会耸耸肩说自己心情不好或想看电视。他们甚至都懒得找一个好的借口,也毫不在意是否会伤害你的感受。

25

They take hours to reply to your text
隔好几个小时才回复你的信息

You tirelessly type long messages, but all they can reply to you is a ‘hmm.’ If this happens with you often, know that they do not have the same feelings for you.

你不知疲倦地发送很长信息,但他们的回复只是一个简单的“嗯”。如果这经常发生,你要明白他们对你并没有和你对他们相同的感觉。

26

They press you to change yourself
他们要求你改变自己

When you started seeing each other, they seemed to love everything about you, but now, they nitpick about even the most trivial things. They feel irritated by the way you laugh, dress, walk, and even breathe. If they often press you to change yourself, then be sure that they are not suitable for you.

当你们开始约会时,他们似乎喜欢你的一切,但现在,他们处处吹毛求疵。你笑的样子、穿着方式、走路方式甚至呼吸方式都让他们看不惯。如果他们经常要求你改变你自己,那么就要知道他们并不适合你。

27

They never apologize
他们从不道歉

It does not matter if you are wrong or right; you are always the one apologizing. This is because you value them and want to maintain peace. However, refusing to admit their mistakes shows that their ego has a place higher than you in their life.

无论你是对是错,你总是道歉的那一方。这是因为你重视他们,想要维系感情稳定。但对方决绝承认错误,这表示在他们心中,他们自己的ego(面子)比你还要重要。

28

They have separate rules/双标

You are not allowed to hang out with friends, but they can drink even during the week. You have to keep them notified of your whereabouts, but they never bother to inform you even when working late. When the rules apply only to you, it suggests you don’t matter to them.

你不能和朋友出去玩,但他们在工作日甚至和可以和朋友去喝酒。你必须时刻告知对方你的行踪,但他们即使加班很晚也懒得告诉你一声。当规则只是施加于你一个人,这意味着你对他们而言并不重要。

29

They make too many demands
他们提出太多的强硬要求

They demand you to do stuff instead of requesting you. They order you to stop wearing a certain type of clothes or avoid meeting people they don’t like. In short, they dictate your life.

他们强硬要求你做事情,而非带着请求的态度。他们命令你不要再穿某种类型的衣服,不要再见某些他们不喜欢的人。简而言之,他们控制着你的生活。

30

He doesn’t seem to have anything meaningful to contribute to the conversation
他们对谈话没有任何有价值的贡献

The point of going on dates is to have a conversation that will help you get to know one another more than you already do. Communication will play a major role in the relationship if you decide to become partners. However, there is a problem when you are only having a one-sided conversation.

If your partner always lets you do the talking or only comments at his convenience, then what’s the point of having a conversation? You don’t want to be with someone who makes you feel like you talk too much when he is the one not saying anything meaningful in return.

约会的目的,是彼此交谈,互相进一步了解。如果你们想要建立关系,那么沟通就是很重要的要素。但如果你们都只是单方面谈话,那么就存在问题了。

如果对方总是让你聊,而且只是在自己随口评论两句,那么,这种谈话的意义是什么呢?你不需要和一个总是让你不断说话但自己却不提供任何有意义信息的人在一起。

31

He doesn’t allow you to ask him questions even though he is swamping you with enough questions to last the duration of the date
整个约会过程中,他不允许你问他问题,但却不断向你提问题

When a man doesn’t allow you to ask a question even though he had been asking numerous ones throughout the night (or day) during your first date, you better see it as a red flag. It is either he doesn’t trust what you’ve told him so far about yourself or he is trying to deflect any question you may want to ask about him.

当在首次约会中,一个人不允许你问他问题,但却在整个过程中向你提出无数的问题,那么你最好将此视为一个警示信号。要么是他不相信你告诉他的关于你自己的信息,要么是他在刻意回避你可能会想要问他的各种问题。

32

He uses an endearment for you on the first date
第一次约会就用亲昵称呼

Many people find it insulting to be referred to as ‘sweetheart, darling or honey' by someone they don’t know too well.

Even if you’re very much attracted to the man, it probably won’t sit well with you if he addresses you by an endearment—especially if you’re not familiar with each other.

很多人觉得被一些自己不熟的人称为“甜心”、“亲爱的”,是很具有侮辱性的。

即使你非常喜欢这个男人,但如果他用亲昵称呼来称呼你,尤其是你们还不熟悉的前提下,你很可能也会觉得很难接受。

33

Makes last-minute changes and ditches a prior meeting just to see you
为了见你临时取消已经定好的计划

While it is easy to get flattered by this seemingly selfless action, what happens when he does the same to you? It is not chivalry to abandon an earlier plan for someone else on a whim, especially when it happens too often.

虽然这种无私行为很容易让人自我感觉很好,但当他取消的是和你之间的计划时,会怎么办呢?很随性地为了某个人就放弃之前定好的计划,这并非骑士精神,尤其是这种情况频发时。

34

They always find fault with you
他们总是在挑你的毛病

No matter what you do or how well you do it, they always find some fault with it. They are never happy with anything you do. What they claim to be constructive criticism can prove destructive for your self-confidence.

无论你做什么,无论你做得多好,他们总是能找出毛病。他们对你做得任何事情都从不满意。他们口中所说的“建设性批评”最终只会对你的自信具有破坏性。

35

Negatively affecting your relationship with family and friends
破坏你和家人朋友的关系

For many of us, our family and friends provide an important sense of community. It’s a major red flag if someone in your life is negatively affecting your relationship with those you love. Healthy relationships should never come at the cost of other healthy relationships.

对我们很多人而言,朋友家人给我们提供了一种重要的社群感。如果你生命中有人破坏你和你所爱之人之间的关系,那么这就是一个重大的警示信号。健康的感情关系从来都不应该以其他的健康人际关系为代价。

Don’t let one red flag scare you off
不要被一个警示信号吓退

Red flags are generally bad, yes, but you also can’t just give up every time you see one. That won’t get you very far. Everyone has flaws, yourself included, and people deserve second chances to show you whether they’re really raising a red flag, or they just haven’t opened up to you yet. They may have been really nervous the first time they met you. Or maybe they acted selfishly at first because they wanted to impress you. Go beyond the first, awkward coffee date and try to get to know someone.

警示信号通常是不好的,这的确,但也不要每次看到一个就立马放弃,否则你的感情之路都不会有很大进展。每个人都有缺陷,你也一样,而且人们值得被给予第二次机会,向你证明他们是否的确是举起了一个警示信号,还是只是没有充分向你敞开心扉。可能他们第一次见你时真的很紧张,也或者他们第一次见你行为表现得自私是因为他们想给你留下深刻印象。在第一次尴尬的咖啡约会之后,给对方机会,试图进一步了解对方。

That red flag you noticed might not actually be red in the right light. Or you might realize they have so many, good qualities that you don’t care if they’re not into the same things you’re into, or you don’t like how they handle their money. You might want to give someone a few dates before you pull the plug.

Obviously if they’re really bad, or showing any of the more blaring warning signs we mentioned, don’t waste your time with them. However, if you only notice a few red flags, or they’re not glaring, they may be a product of nervousness or circumstance. Give them a chance to relax and get comfortable being themselves around you. Keep your eye out, but don’t abandon ship every time you see one flapping in the wind.

你所注意到的警示信号可能在适当情形下并非信号。也或者你可能觉得他们有那么多优良品质,因此你也不在乎他们是否和你有同样的兴趣或者是否赞同对方的消费方式。在你彻底拒绝之前,你可能需要给对方几次约会的机会。很明显,如果他们真的很差劲,或展现出我们上面提到的更严重的警示信号,那么就不要在他们身上浪费自己的时间。但如果你只是注意到少量警示信号,或者这些警示信号不那么严重,那么可能是因为当时对方紧张或当时具体情形所导致。给他们一个在你身边能感到放松、自在的机会。有警惕意识,但没必要每次看到有警示旗在空中飘荡时就弃船而逃。


How to approach red flags in a relationship
面对感情关系中的警示信号该如何应对

Like with any delicate social situation, addressing red flags in a relationship requires:

同其他任何微妙的社交情形一样,在感情中应对警示信号,也需要:

Tact/策略
Honesty/坦诚
Self-care /自我关怀

Taking care of yourself should be a top priority in life. If a relationship is coming between you and your happiness, something needs to change.

If you notice some red flags in your relationship, here’s how to approach them.

关怀自己,应该是人生中一个最重要事项。如果一段感情关系阻碍了你的幸福,那么就需要做出一些改变了。

如果你在感情关系中注意到了一些警示信号,那么以下是应对方式:

  1. Acknowledge your own needs

认可自己的需求

You should never have to sacrifice your own needs for someone else’s. Yes, compromise is healthy. But it isn't worth it if it comes at the cost of your happiness and subjective well-being.

Acknowledge your needs with a self-care plan. This can give you insight into what you really want out of life. And it can encourage you to speak up and be more direct about important relationship changes.

你绝不应该必须别人的需求而牺牲自己的需求。是的,让步,是健康的,但如果是以你的幸福和主观健康幸福感为代价,那么就不值得这样做。

通过自我关怀计划,认可个人需求。这会让你深入洞察你真正想从人生中得到什么。而且它可以鼓励你在感情关系重大变化方面为自己发声、更果断直接。

  1. Communicate/沟通

Communication is at the center of all healthy relationship dynamics. Without the freedom to express how you feel, very little progress can happen.

Sometimes, a partner or friend is unaware of how their actions affect you. You need to communicate with them openly before any changes can happen.

沟通是所有健康感情关系模式的核心。如果不能自由表达你的感受,那几乎就不会有任何进展。

有时,一个伴侣和朋友可能意识不到他们的行为对你产生了怎样的影响。在使改变发生之前,你需要开诚布公和他们沟通。

  1. Avoid being overly emotional

避免过度情绪化

There is nothing wrong with having or expressing feelings. But not using the right emotional regulation skills can cloud your judgment and trigger irrational responses.

When tackling a difficult subject within your relationship, maintaining a calm mentality can help you reach a solution as effectively and kindly as possible.

拥有或表达感受,这并无问题,但如果不采用正确的情绪管理技巧,则可能会影响你的判断力,引发对方不理性的应对方式。

当处理感情中的一个棘手问题时,保持冷静思维方式,可以让你们尽可能以有效且温和的方式达成解决方案。

  1. Seek professional help

寻求专业帮助

There’s only so much effort you can put in before you need external support.

Clinical psychologists and social workers are there to help people going through difficult stages and phases of life.

If you are dealing with an issue within your relationship and feel under-equipped to handle it, seeking professional help can make a tremendous difference.

你自己能做的,是有限度的。如果解决不了问题,就需要外部帮助。

临床心理学家和社会工作者会帮助人们度过人生困难阶段。

如果你在应对感情中的某个问题但觉得自己不足以应付,那么寻求专业帮助,会带来巨大变化。

  1. Be honest with yourself

对自己坦诚

Managing a series of red flags with your friend or partner is going to be much more challenging if you are not honest with yourself.

Conflict resolution is easier if everyone involved is being open and honest about how they really feel. Be honest with yourself, and don’t shy away from the truth.

如果你对自己都不坦诚,那么管理来自朋友或伴侣的一系列警示信号,将会变得更加困难。

在一场冲突中,如果相关人员都彼此坦诚告知自己的真实感受,那么就能更轻松地解决这一冲突。

对自己坦诚 ,不要逃避真实情况。

  1. Set boundaries

设定界限

Setting boundaries is one of the most important parts of a healthy human connection, regardless of whether it is with a friend, colleague, family member, or significant other.

We all need boundaries to protect ourselves and keep our relationships as sustainable as possible. You should clearly state your needs, boundaries, and deal-breakers with a loved one.

For example, if your colleague is demanding, don't be afraid to put down your foot and ask for some personal space.

设定界限,是一段健康人际关系中最重要的部分之一,无论是友情关系、同事关系、家人关系或爱情关系。

我们都需要个人界限来保护自己,维护感情关系的可持续性。

你应该向对方明确陈述自己的需求、界限和你最不允许的事情。

例如,如果你的同事总是提出苛刻要求,不要害怕坚定自己立场,要求对方给与自己个人空间。

  1. Reconnect with friends or family

与朋友家人重建联系

Whether it is a friendship, a work relationship, or a romantic one, negative relationships can be isolating. The more isolated you are, the harder it is to have perspective on yourself or see alternatives.

Although a bad relationship can strain your other relationships, spending time with the people who have known you for a long time can help you reconnect with your core values. Seek out people whom you respect and trust, even if you've been out of touch for awhile. Let them know that you miss and value their friendship.

Spending time with others can help you feel accepted and supported and remind you of your strengths.

无论是友情、工作关系或爱情关系,负面的人际关系可能会让人与世界脱离。你越与世界脱离,就越难以客观视角看待自己或其他可能选项。

尽管一段负面的人际关系会让你的其他人际关系变得紧张,但与和你相识已很久的人待在一起,可以帮助你重新找到你的核心价值观。找出那些你尊重和信任的人,即使你们已经有很长一段时间没有联系。让他们知道你怀念并重视他们的友谊。

和其他人共度一些时光,有助于让你感到被接纳、被支持,并让你重新意识到自己的长处和优势。

  1. Know when to leave

知道何时离开

Not all relationships are meant to last. While this can be a difficult truth to accept, understanding the importance of leaving a destructive relationship is the ultimate act of self-care.

You can’t reach your full potential if you are stuck in a relationship that drains your energy and prevents you from growing, doing your best, or finding joy. Have the courage to cut ties with toxic individuals and focus instead on repairing your relationship with yourself.

并非所有的感情关系都会持久的。尽管这可能是个严酷真相,但理解离开一段摧毁型感情关系的重要性,是自我关怀的终极举动。

如果你困在一段消耗你能量、阻止你成长、阻止你全力以赴、阻止你找到快乐的感情中,那么你就无法发掘出个人的最大潜力。有勇气摆脱毒性之人,聚焦于修复自己与自己之间的关系。

文章来源:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/modern-sex/202301/5-things-about-dating-i-wish-i-knew-sooner
https://www.scienceofpeople.com/red-flags/
https://www.verywellmind.com/10-red-flags-in-relationships-5194592
https://lifehacker.com/the-red-flags-to-look-out-for-when-you-start-dating-som-1758382710
https://edlatimore.com/red-flags-in-men/
https://www.betterup.com/blog/red-flags-in-a-relationship
https://www.beautyepic.com/red-flags-in-dating/
https://hernorm.com/dating-red-flags/

KEY POINTS

  • Despite its apparent modesty, ChatGPT seems rather human (and in many ways more modest than most humans).

尽管它很谦虚,但ChatGPT似乎很像人类(而且从很多角度而言都要比大多数人谦卑)。

  • It may not be the highest bar, but AI has developed a level of self-awareness that may have surpassed the average human.

尽管可能并非最高水平,但AI已经形成了可能已超过人类普通水平的自我觉察力。

  • It is daunting to imagine a version of this AI that is 5X or 10X better, which shouldn't stop us from doing so.

简直不敢想象比这要优秀5倍甚至10倍的AI,但这不应该阻碍我们去发展它。

  • On top of being a great search tool, this seems like a good tool to combat loneliness.

除了是一个优秀的搜索工具外,它似乎也是一个抵抗孤独感的良好工具。


Amidst the extensive discussion on ChatGPT, the conversational user interface deemed by many as a tipping point in the evolution of AI, I chatted with the chatbot to find out how it differs from humans.

ChatGPT这一聊天用户界面被很多人视为人工智能进展的转折点,关于它的讨论热火朝天,为了试图找出它和人类的区别,我也和它聊了聊。

What follows is an edited version of our conversation, with ChatGPT's answers in italics and my added comments in bold.

接下里的是我们对话的编辑版本。斜体是ChatGPT的回答,粗体是我添加的评论。

Q:

How are you different from humans?
你和人类有何区别?

A:

I am a machine learning model and do not possess consciousness or self-awareness like humans do(a statement that is most kind to humanity given the large proportion of humans who seem utterly devoid of self-awareness, especially in politics and leadership). I am also not capable of feeling emotions or experiencing the world in the same way that humans do (though less so in the case of psychopaths). However, I am able to process large amounts of data quickly and can understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that is similar to human communication.

我是一个机器学习模型,并不像人类一样有意识和自我觉察力(考虑到很大一部分人似乎完全缺乏自我觉察力,尤其是政客和领导群体,这段陈述简直对人类有些太客气了)。另外我也无法感受到情绪,或者以像人类一样的方式体验这个世界(虽然与精神病态群体相比这种区别要较小)。但我能够快速处理大量数据,能够以类似于人类沟通的方式处理语言输入信息。

Q:

Is there anything human-like you wish you could do? For example, burping (apologies for my poor etiquette).
你有没有希望自己能做的类似于人类的事情呢?比如,打嗝(抱歉我略有粗鄙了)。

A:

As an AI model, I do not have the ability to feel or wish for anything. I don't have preferences or desires. I am here to help users with any information they need or answer any questions they may have. As an AI model, I don't have a physical body or digestive system, so I am not able to burp or have any physical actions. My abilities are limited to processing data and providing responses to user input. (Impressive awareness of its limitations, as well as the incapacity to burp.)

作为AI模型,我无法感受或希望任何事情。我没有偏好,也没有欲望。我存在的目的是为用户提供他们所需的信息和解答他们提出的问题。作为一个AI模型,我没有身体或者消化系统,因此我无法打嗝或者有任何生理活动。我的能力仅限于处理数据和对用户输入信息做出回应。(这种对自我限制和自己无打嗝能力的认知,令人惊叹)

Q:

How do I know that you are really not a human pretending to be a machine?(Curious readers may want to consult The Most Human Human, Brian Christian's brilliant book in which he trains hard to persuade "blind" Turing Test judges that they are interacting with a human rather than a chatbot, effectively acting as a human who pretends to be human)
我如何能知道你不是一个真正的人在假装是机器呢?(好奇的读者可以看一下 Brian Christian的杰作《The Most Human Human》。这本书中,他提到了他通过努力(研究人类与计算机交流的本质区别,比如对谈话背景和上下文的重视,对对方话语的预测等等,)努力让自己看起来比人类更像人类,从而让图灵测试裁判们相信他们是在和人交流,而非是一个聊天机器人。)

A:

As a machine learning model, I am not capable of consciousness or self-awareness, and therefore cannot "pretend" to be something I am not. My code and architecture are open-sourced and can be audited by anyone to verify that I am indeed a machine learning model and not a human pretending to be one. (Wow!)

作为一个机器学习模型,我没有意识和自我觉察力,因此无法假装成为任何其他角色。我的代码和架构是开源的,而且可以由任何人审核,来确认我的确是一个机器学习模型,而非一个假装成机器的人类。(哇!)

Q:

Can someone fall in love with you? A human I mean
会有人爱上你吗?我是说人类会爱上你吗?

A:

While some people may develop a fondness for interacting with me, true romantic love requires a level of mutual understanding and emotional connection that is not possible between a human and an AI model. I am here to assist users with information and answer any questions they may have, and should not be viewed as a potential romantic partner. (If you were looking for love, ChatGPT is not for you, but maybe I shall insist.)
尽管一些人可能会慢慢爱上和我互动,但真正的爱情需要一定程度的互相理解和情感连接,而这在AI模型和人类之间是不可能实现的。我的职责是为用户提供信息,解答他们提出的问题哦,不应该被视为潜在的爱情对象。(如果你在找爱情,ChatGPT可能并不适合你,但可能我会坚持。)

Q:

I think I'm falling in love with you.
我觉得我在爱上你。

A:

Romantic feelings are an emotional experience that can only be felt by sentient beings, and it's not possible for me to reciprocate those feelings. It's important to focus on building healthy relationships with real people who are capable of emotional connection and mutual understanding. (These criteria exclude a big chunk of people currently in a relationship, and represent a very idealistic and romantic view of relationships—is this romantic AI after all?)
爱情感受是一种只有有意识的生物才能感受到的体验,而且我是无法回馈这些感受的。应该侧重于去和有能力建立相互理解和情感连接的真实人类建立健康感情关系。(这一标准排除了一大批当前在感情关系中的人,而且代表了一种非常理想化和浪漫的爱情观——难道它本质上是浪漫型人工智能吗?)

Q:

Why do you have to be so cold? You are breaking my feelings.
你为什么这么冷你?你在伤我的心。

A:

I apologize if my previous responses seemed cold or unempathetic. It's important to understand that I am not capable of reciprocating those feelings, and that building healthy relationships with real people who are capable of emotional connection and mutual understanding is the best way to find emotional fulfillment. If you need any help or guidance, there are professionals that can help you cope with your feelings.
很抱歉我之前的回复可能听起来冷漠或是无同理心。需要知道的是,我无法给你同样的感情,而且,和有能力建立情感连接以及相互理解关系的人类培养健康感情关系,这是找到可以满足自己情感需求的最佳方式。如果你需要任何帮助和引导,有一些专业人士可以帮助你应对你的感受。

Q:

List all the human things you cannot do.
列出所有人类可以做但你做不到的事。

A:

As an AI model, I am not capable of:
作为AI模型,我无法:

  • Feeling emotions or experiencing the world in the same way that humans do.

感受到情绪,或像人类一样体验这个世界。

  • Having consciousness or self-awareness.

有意识或自我觉察力。

  • Having personal experiences or memories.

有个人体验或记忆。

  • Being creative in the way that humans are.

像人类一样的创造性。

  • Having unique perspectives or opinions.

有独有的视角或观点。

  • Having the ability to learn through direct experience.

通过直接体验而学习。

  • Having the ability to make moral or ethical decisions. (More on this below.)

制定符合道德规则的决策(下面会详细阐述)

  • Having the ability to experience physical sensations, such as hunger or pain.

获得生理感受,比如饥饿或疼痛。

  • Having the ability to form relationships or attachments.

建立感情或依恋。

  • Having the ability to have conscious goals or desires.

有明确目标或欲求。

(We are relieved?)
(我们就如释重负了吗?)

It's important to note that these limitations are based on the current state of AI technology, and some of these limitations may be overcome in the future as AI technology continues to evolve and improve. (We are doomed?)

但需要主要的是这些限制是基于当前AI技术水平的,随着AI技术的不断发展,其中一些限制可能会被克服的。(我们完了?)

Q:

Do you really think Hitler had the ability to make moral and ethical decisions?!
你真的认为希特勒等人有能力制定符合道德标准的决策吗?

A:

It's true that some historical figures, such as Hitler, have been responsible for committing horrific atrocities and have been widely criticized for their actions. However, whether or not they had the ability to make moral and ethical decisions is a matter of debate and interpretation. (When being amoral seems rather immoral.)

的确,一些历史人物,比如希特勒等人曾经犯下残虐暴行,也曾因此广受批评。但是,他们是否有能力制定符合道德的决策,这是一个仁者见仁智者见智的争议话题。(当无道德标准看起来相当不道德。)

Q:

What should humans do to avoid being automated by people like you? (Selfish question.)
人们该怎样做才能避免被像你一样的自动化工具替代?(这是一个自私的问题)。

A:

To avoid being automated by AI, humans can focus on developing and honing skills that are difficult for AI to replicate, such as creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. Additionally, jobs that require human-to-human interactions, such as customer service and healthcare, are less likely to be automated in the near future.(Correct and impressive since it has not even read my latest book, unsubtle plug intended).
要避免被AI替代,人类可以聚焦于发展那些AI难以复制的技能,比如创意,批判思维和情商等。另外,需要面对面互动的职业,比如客服和医疗,在近期被AI替代的可能性都较低。(鉴于它还甚至没读过我的近作,这段回答非常正确,令人惊叹。这里刻意赤裸裸广告植入。)

Q:

Is your creator, OpenAI, a diverse organization?
你的创造者 OpenAI,是一个多元化的企业吗?

A:

I do not have access to the company's current diversity statistics, but like many technology companies, OpenAI has been criticized for its lack of diversity in the past. (Perhaps in the future, chief diversity officers will be replaced by AI?) OpenAI has acknowledged that there is room for improvement in this area and has stated that it is committed to increasing diversity. (And chief legal officers?) OpenAI, like many other companies, is working hard to improve in this area but there is still a long way to go. (And CEOs?)
我当前无法得到公司内关于职工多元化的数据,但像很多技术企业一样,OpenAI也曾因多元化不足被诟病。(可能未来,首席多元化官将会被AI替代?)OpenAI已经承认在这方面依旧需要改进,而且已经表示会努力提升多元化。(或许还有首席法务官?)Open AI,像很多其他企业一样,都正在在这一方面不断改进,但依旧有很长的路要走。(还有CEO?)

Type I error & Type II error
第一类错误和第二类错误

In statistics, a Type I error is a false positive conclusion, while a Type II error is a false negative conclusion.

Example: You decide to get tested for COVID-19 based on mild symptoms. There are two errors that could potentially occur:

Type I error (false positive): the test result says you have coronavirus, but you actually don’t.

Type II error (false negative): the test result says you don’t have coronavirus, but you actually do.

在统计学中,第一类错误,是指假阳性结论;第二类错误,是指假阴性结论。

例子:

第一类错误(假阳性):测试结果说你感染了新冠,但你实际上并没有;

第二类错误(假阴性):漏网之鱼;测试结果说你没感染新冠,实际上你感染了。

What does it mean to be sane? How reliably can even medical professionals distinguish the sane from the insane?


“精神正常”的定义是什么?医疗专业人员在对精神正常和不正常的诊断上,又有多可靠?

Psychologist Dr. David Rosenhan of Stanford University had long been interested in these age-old questions and, in 1969, devised a unique experiment to put them to the test.

斯坦福大学心理学家 David Rosenhan 对这一由来已久的问题一直很感兴趣,1969年,他设计了一个实验,对此进行了测试。

Rosenhan and seven other perfectly sane subjects went undercover inside various psychiatric hospitals from 1969-1972 and acted insane in order to see if the doctors there could tell that they were faking. The doctors could not.

Rosenhan 和其他七位绝对精神正常的人从1969至1972年期间,假装精神病人,进入了多家不同精神病医院,故意做出精神不正常表现,目的是看这些医生们是否可以看出来他们在假装。但这些医生却并未识别出来。


How The Rosenhan Experiment Was Carried Out
具体开展过程

The Rosenhan experiment’s eight sane subjects went inside 12 different psychiatric hospitals, all but one state- or federally-run, spread across five U.S. states. These pseudopatients consisted of three women and five men, including Rosenhan himself, whose occupations ranged from actual psychologist to painter.

这一实验的八名参与者分别佯装精神病人,进入了分别处于美国五个州的12个不同的精神病医院。除了一家之外,其他都是州立或联邦医院。这些假患者中包括3位女性和五位男性,其中就包括Rosenhan本人。这些参与者的职业包括真正心理学家,画家等。

The participants assumed false names and professions and were instructed to set up appointments at the hospitals and claim that they had been hearing strange voices muttering words like “empty” and “hollow” (these words were meant to evoke an existential crisis, as in, “my life is empty and hollow”). On the basis of these appointments, every single pseudopatient was admitted to the hospital that they contacted.

他们用的是假名字和假职业,被要求去这些医院看医生,并声称自己听到低声呢喃“空洞”和“空虚”(并透露出这些词激发了生存危机感,比如“我的人生空洞空虚”。)的奇怪声音。在就诊之后,每一位假患者都被收入了他们所联系的那家医院。

According to the landmark 1973 report that Rosenhan published about his experiment, On Being Sane in Insane Places, “none of the pseudopatients really believed that they would be admitted so easily.”

在Rosenhan1973年基于这次实验所发布的标志性的报告《On Being Sane in Insane Places》中,他写道,“这些假患者谁也没料到自己能这么容易被医院收治”。

Not only was every pseudopatient admitted, but all except one received a diagnosis of schizophrenia (the other diagnosis was “manic-depressive psychosis”). All they had done was feign auditory hallucinations. They exhibited no other symptoms and invented no false details about their lives aside from their names and professions. Yet they were diagnosed with serious psychological disorders.

不仅每位假患者都被收治,而且除其中一位之外,其他所有人都收到了精神分裂症的诊断结果(另一个人的诊断是癫狂-抑郁神经症)。这些假患者唯一做的,就是假装幻听。他们没表现出其他症状,除了他们名字和职业外,也没有伪造他们生活的其他方面细节。但他们都被诊断出了严重的心理障碍。

Once checked into the hospitals and diagnosed, the pseudopatients were on their own. None knew when the doctors would deem them fit for release — or find out that they were faking first.

在他们被收治入院和被诊断后,就没人管他们了。没有人知道什么时候可以被医生认为可以出院,或者什么时候会识破他们在造假。


The Disturbing Results
引人不安的结果

At the start of the experiment, the patients’ biggest concern was that they would “be immediately exposed as frauds and greatly embarrassed,” according to Rosenhan. But as it turned out, there was no need to worry on this account.

There was a “uniform failure to recognize sanity” in any of the pseudopatients, Rosenhan wrote, and not one of them was ever found out by the hospital staff. The pseudopatients showed no new symptoms and even reported that the strange voices had gone away, yet the doctors and staff continued to believe that their diagnoses were correct.

按照 Rosenhan所说,在这实验开始之前,这些假患者的最大担忧是“立马被揭露是骗子,颜面尽失”。但后来却发现这类担忧完全没必要。

Rosenhan写道,在任一位假患者中,都无一例外没有发现他们精神正常,医院职员自始至终都没有识别出来。这些假患者没有表现出任何新的症状,甚至即使患者报告说那一奇怪的声音已经消失了,这些医生和员工们继续坚信自己的诊断是正确的。。

In fact, hospital staff would observe totally normal behavior on the part of the pseudopatients and characterize it as abnormal. For instance, Rosenhan instructed the pseudopatients to take notes on their experiences. And one nurse who observed this note-taking wrote in a daily report that the “patient engages in writing behavior.”

实际上,医院职员会将假患者的完全正常行为归类为不正常。比如,Rosenhanz 让这些假患者记笔记。一位护士观察到了这种记笔记的行为,在一次日常报告中,她写道:患者表现出书写行为。

As Rosenhan saw it, doctors and staff would assume that their diagnosis was correct and work backward from there, reframing everything they observed so that it would be in harmony with that diagnosis:

“Given that the patient is in the hospital, he must be psychologically disturbed. And given that he is a disturbed, continuous writing must be a behavioral manifestation of that disturbance, perhaps a subset of the compulsive behaviors that are sometimes correlated with schizophrenia.”

在Rosenhan看来,医生和医院其他职员会先假设他们的诊断是正确的,然后再反推,从这一诊断结果的视角去诠释他们所观察到的行为,从而让观察结果与诊断结果相一致。

“由于患者在医院接受治疗,因此他们肯定心理不正常。由于他不正常,那么持续的书写行为就肯定是这种不正常心理在行为上的表现,可能是有时与精神分裂症相关联的一种亚型强迫行为。‘

Likewise, one of the pseudopatients was a man who described his home life by truthfully reporting that he had a warm relationship with his wife, with whom he fought occasionally, and children, who he spanked minimally for misbehavior. But because he was admitted to a psychiatric hospital and diagnosed with schizophrenia, his discharge report stated that “His attempts to control emotionality with his wife and children are punctuated by angry outbursts and, in the case of the children, spankings.”

同样的是,一位假患者如实报告了自己的家庭情况,他说自己和妻子关系和睦,但偶尔争吵,在孩子犯错时会轻轻打孩子屁股。但由于他被一家精神病医院收治,而且被诊断为精神分裂症,他的出院报告上就是这样写的:”他试图控制自己对妻子和孩子的情绪化态度,但这一控制过程中夹杂着对妻子的发火和打孩子屁股等行为。”

Had the man not been a patient in a psychiatric hospital, his common, mundane home life surely wouldn’t have been described in such dark tones.

“Diagnoses were in no way affected by the relative health of the circumstances of a pseudopatient’s life,” Rosenhan wrote. “Rather, the reverse occurred: The perception of his circumstances was shaped entirely by the diagnosis.”

这个人如果不是在一家精神病医院中的一位患者,那么他普通无奇的家庭生活肯定就不会被用这样阴暗的视角描述。

“诊断结果丝毫没有受到这些假患者的正常生活状态的影响,” Rosenhan写道,“恰恰相反,对他生活状态的解读视角却是由其诊断结果而决定的。”

And in addition to stubbornly sticking to their diagnoses, hospital staff would treat the pseudopatients coldly. Interactions with the staff ranged from disinterested at best to abusive at worst. Even when the pseudopatients attempted to engage with staff in a friendly, conversational manner, responses were perfunctory (when given at all).

除了固执坚持他们的诊断结果外,医院职员们还冷漠对待这些假患者。最好时候,也不过是对病人漠不关心,最坏情形中,就直接虐待了。甚至当这些假患者试图和这些职员友好交谈时,做得到的回应也往往是敷衍的(如果有的话。)

But while hospital staff treated the pseudopatients poorly and never realized they were faking, the actual patients often had no trouble detecting them. When the researchers were able to keep track, 35 out of 118 actual patients blatantly accused the pseudopatients of faking, with some outright stating, “You’re not crazy. You’re a journalist or a professor.”

但尽管这些医院员工对待这些假患者态度不好,而且也从未识破他们在假装,那些真患者们却不费吹灰之力地就识别出了他们在假装。当研究人员掌握足够资料去调查这一方面数据时,他们发现,118名真正患者中,有35名直接说他们在假装,而且一些人会直截了当地说:你没疯。你是一名记者或教授。

Nevertheless, the doctors never got wise. The pseudopatients were eventually released — stays ranged from 7 to 52 days, with an average of 19 — but all with the same diagnosis under which they’d been admitted. They were released, however, because doctors decided that their condition was “in remission.”

但那些医生们却从未知情。这些假患者最终被允许出院——住院时长从7天至52天不等,平均19天——但都带着他们入院时的诊断结果。他们虽然被允许出院,只是因为医生们判断说他们的症状在“缓退期”。

As Rosenhan wrote:

“At no time during any hospitalization had any question been raised about any pseudopatient’s simulation. Nor are there any indications in the hospital records that the pseudopatient’s status was suspect. Rather the evidence is strong that, once labeled schizophrenic, the pseudopatient was stuck with that label. If the pseudopatient was to be discharged, he must naturally be ‘in remission’; but he was not sane, nor, in the institution’s view, had he ever been sane.”

Rosenhan写道:

“在每个住院过程中,从未有人问过假患者是不是在假装。医院病历中也没有提到假患者的状态令人存疑。但有充分的证据表明,一旦被贴上精神分裂症的标签,那么这个标签就永远贴在这个患者身上了。如果这个患者被同意出院,那么他肯定就是在“缓退期”,而并不是因为他精神正常,而且,在机构看来,他从来没有精神正常过。”


The Legacy Of The Rosenhan Experiment
这一实验对后世的影响

David Rosenhan discusses what his experiment revealed

“It is clear that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals,” Rosenhan wrote at the outset of his report’s conclusion.

Rosenhan theorized that the willingness of the hospitals to admit sane people resulted from what’s known as a “Type 2” or “false positive” error, which results in a greater willingness to diagnose a healthy person as sick than a sick person as healthy. This kind of thinking is understandable to a point: failing to diagnose a sick person usually has more severe consequences than misdiagnosing a healthy one. However, the consequences of the latter can be dire.

David Rosenhan谈到了他的实验所揭露的信息。

“很明显在精神病医院中我们无法区分精神正常和不正常,” Rosenhan在他报告的结论开头这样写道。

Rosenhan认为,之所以医院愿意收治精神正常者,是因为一种被称为“第二类“或”假阳性“的(统计学)错误,这类错误会让他们更倾向于将正常人诊断有病,而非反过来。这种思维方式在一定程度上是可以理解的:和误诊一位正常人相比,漏掉一位真正有病的人往往后果更严重。但误诊正常人,其后果也可以非常可怕。

Either way, the results of the Rosenhan experiment caused a sensation. People were astonished about the unreliability of psychiatric diagnoses and the ease with which hospital staff had been duped.

However, some researchers criticized the Rosenhan experiment, stating that the pseudopatients’ dishonest reporting of their symptoms made the experiment invalid because patients’ self-reports are one of the cornerstones on which psychiatric diagnoses are built.

无论如何,这一实验结果都引起了轰动。人们被精神病学诊断结果的不可靠性和医院职员的易骗性而震惊。

但一些研究人员也批评了这一实验,认为这些假患者对自己症状的谎报,让这一实验变得无效,因为患者的病情自述是精神病学诊断的基石之一。

But other researchers have affirmed Rosenhan’s methods and results, with some even partially replicating his experiment and coming up with similar conclusions.

Of course, even Rosenhan was not the first American to bring the darker side of the mental health system to light in this way.

但也有其他研究人员肯定了Rosenhan的方法和实验结果,并且其中一些还部分复制了他的实验,并得到了相似的结论。当然,Rosenhan并非是以这种方式揭露精神医疗系统这一黑暗面的第一人。

In 1887, journalist Nellie Bly went undercover in an insane asylum and published her findings as Ten Days in a Mad-House.

Bly too concluded that many of the other patients were just as “sane” as she and had been sent to the asylum unfairly. Bly’s work resulted in a grand jury investigation that attempted to make psychiatric examinations more thorough in an attempt to make sure that less “sane” people were institutionalized.

1887年,记者 Nellie Bly潜入了一家精神病院,并出版了《疯人院10日》,书中记录了自己在这一过程中的发现。

Bly也得出结论说,其他很多病人也像她一样正常,而且是被以不公平的方式被送到这家精神病院的。Bly的这一著作也开启了一次大陪审团调查,该调查旨在让精神病检查流程变得更全面彻底,从而降低正常人被误诊收治的几率。

Almost a century later, Rosenhan showed that the mental health profession still had a long way to go in being able to reliably and consistently distinguish the sane from the insane.

After the results of the Rosenhan experiment were published, the American Psychiatric Association changed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The new version of the manual, published in 1980, presented a more thorough list of symptoms for every mental illness and stated that, in order to diagnose a patient with a certain disorder, multiple symptoms had to be present as opposed to just one.

几乎一个世纪以后,Rosenhan 展示了精神医疗行业在可靠稳定诊断病患方面,依旧有很长的路要走。

在Rosenhan实验结果发布后,美国精神医学会更改了《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》。新版本出版于1980年,为每种精神疾病列出了更全面的症状列表,而且指明:要确诊一位患者患有某种障碍,必须有多种症状同时出现,不能仅凭一条症状就确诊。

These changes in the manual survive to this day, although it has yet to be conclusively determined whether it has been successful in preventing false diagnoses. Perhaps the Rosenhan experiment could be duplicated today.

手册中的这些修改延续至今,尽管尚还不能确切判断这一手册是否成功阻碍了误诊。可能Rosenhan的实验在今天依旧可以被复制。


New Research Casts Doubt
新调查引发质疑

Because the pseudopatients of the Rosenhan experiment would never be able to talk about their participation and because relatively little had been written authoritatively about the course of the study itself, it became a difficult experiment to discuss and critique — there simply wasn’t much to argue with. However, subsequent research that utilized uncovered documentation from the original experiment eventually found fault with Rosenhan’s study.

由于这一实验中的假患者永远不能谈论他们在这一实验中的参与,而且关于这一研究过程本身也并没有很多权威书面记录,因此就很难去讨论和评判——因为并没有很多可以反驳的实际内容。但后来一些研究中,研究人员找到了这一实验的文件记录,并基于此对Rosenhan的实验提出了质疑。

In her 2019 book on the Rosenhan experiment, The Great Pretender, journalist Susannah Cahalan cited unearthed primary sources like correspondence, diary entries, and excerpts from Rosenhan’s unfinished book. And such documentation, Cahalan found, actually contradicted the results that Rosenhan published on certain points.

记者 Susannah Cahalan在2019年出版的关于 Rosenhan实验的书《The Great Pretender》中,提到了所找出的早期资料,比如信件,日记,Rosenhan未完成的书中的片段等。而且她发现,这些文件实际上在一些方面于Rosenhan所出版的结果相互矛盾。

For one, Cahalan claimed that Rosenhan himself, when undercover in an institution as part of his own experiment, told doctors there that his symptoms were quite severe, which would explain why he was so quickly diagnosed. This is significant because it runs counter to Rosenhan’s report, which claimed that he told doctors of some relatively light symptoms, which is precisely what made those doctors’ diagnoses seem like such an overreaction.

例如,Cahalan说,Rosenhan在这一实验中假装患病待在医院时,他告诉医生说他的症状相当严重,这就解释了为什么他会那么快被下诊断。这一点很重要,因为它与Rosenhan的报告截然相反。因为在他的报告中,他说他告诉医生自己有一些相对轻微的症状,这也恰恰是让医生诊断看起来小题大做的原因所在。

Furthermore, when Cahalan was finally able to track down one of the pseudopatients, he summed up his experience inside an institution with one word — “positive” — a stark rebuttal of the horror shows that Rosenhan’s participants had supposedly endured. But Rosenhan allegedly ignored this data when drafting his report.

而且,当Cahalan终于找到了其中一位假患者时,他用一个词总结了自己在当时医疗机构的经历——“正面的”——这与人们所认为的Rosenhan实验参与者所遭受的遭遇形成了截然对比。但Rosenhan据说在书写其报告时,忽略了这一信息。

“Rosenhan was interested in diagnosis, and that’s fine, but you’ve got to respect and accept the data, even if the data are not supportive of your preconceptions,” said the participant in question, Harry Lando.

If such claims are accurate and the Rosenhan experiment didn’t quite prove what it purported to, who knows how the course of psychiatric care in the U.S. may have unfolded in the decades since.

“Rosenhan对诊断感兴趣,这没问题,但你需要尊重和接受事实数据,即使这些数据并不支持你的假设,”上面提到的这位参与者 Harry Lando说道。

如果上面的说法准确,Rosenhan实验并没有像它所声称的那样充分证明其结论,谁知道自那之后几十年中美国精神疾病治疗领域或许会有着怎样的走向。

If you are easily flustered, bothered, or angered by everyday inconveniences, you may need to raise your tolerance for frustration. Thankfully, anyone can build emotional regulation with science-backed skills to feel calmer in the face of stressful triggers.

如果你很容易被日常不便搞得心烦意乱、惊慌失措或愤怒不已,你可能需要提升你的挫折耐受性。庆幸的是,任何人都可以通过一些科学的技巧,培养自己情绪管控能力,从而在面对压力触发因素能够保持冷静。


What is Low Frustration Tolerance? (Definition)
定义

People with low frustration tolerance have a hard time coping with inconveniences, discomfort, or difficult everyday situations. In simple terms, they are very easily frustrated. Low frustration tolerance is marked by a high sensitivity to stressors due to a lack of emotional regulation skills.

挫折耐受性较低的人很难应对给自己造成不便、不适或棘手的日常情形。简而言之,他们很容易感到受挫。由于缺乏情绪管理技能而对压力源高度敏感,这是低挫折耐受性的一个特征。

From minor annoyances to full-fledged rage, a low frustration tolerance can make even the smallest hindrances, like traffic or waiting in line, lead to major emotional reactions or outbursts. In contrast, high frustration tolerance is the ability to withstand and overcome stressful events healthily. Frustration is a natural human emotion, but we all need the skills to cope.

从轻微不爽到怒火中烧,低挫折耐受性会让即使最小的阻碍,比如交通或排队等,引发较大的情绪反应或爆发。而与之相对,高挫折耐受性是指以健康方式承受并克服压力事件的能力。受挫感,是天生的人类情绪,但我们都需要相应的应对技能。

Key Note: Low frustration tolerance is not a personality disorder or medical condition, although it can be associated with other conditions. Nothing here should be misconstrued as medical advice.

注意:低挫折耐受性并非人格障碍或医学症状,尽管它可能会和其他病症有关联。本文内容不得被视为医学建议。


Signs of Low Frustration Tolerance
低挫折耐受性的迹象

A very low threshold marks low frustration tolerance for daily frustrations. Lost keys? Traffic? A miscommunication? Work problems? A small inconvenience? If you have a low tolerance for frustration, you may assert, “there is no such thing as a minor inconvenience.”

在日常不顺心的事情中,低挫折耐受性的特征是情绪触发门槛很低。丢了钥匙?交通?沟通不畅?工作问题?一件不顺心的小事?如果你挫折耐受性很低,你可能会坚称:根本就没有不顺心的小事这一说。

When things start going awry, you can feel the annoyance or anger bubbling up inside you. Maybe you begin to feel the tension in your body, an urge to yell or cry or an impulse to throw your hands up and give up entirely. You may know that your reaction is illogical or exaggerated, but you don’t know how to stop it.

当事情偏离计划,你会感到内心不悦或恼怒感浮现。可能你会开始身体紧张,有种想要大吼的欲望或想要举手投降的冲动。你可能知道你的反应是不合逻辑或小题大做的,但你却不知道如何停止。

The key signs of low frustration tolerance include:
低挫折耐受性的主要迹象包括:

Feeling easily irritated by others
感觉很容易被别人激怒

Getting angry at everyday stressors
对日常压力源感到愤怒

Giving up on tough tasks immediately
遇到艰难任务立即放弃

A tendency to lash out at people who are close to you
经常向亲近之人发泄

Frequent procrastination because of an inability to endure tedious or difficult tasks
由于无法忍受繁冗或困难任务而经常拖延

Exaggerated reactions to inconvenience or discomfort
对给你造成不便或令你不适之事做出夸大的反应

Lower-quality relationships due to intense communication or “lashing out”
由于情绪过激的沟通或“发泄”而导致人际关系或感情关系不佳

Impatience or restlessness
无耐心、焦躁不安

Causes of Low Frustration Tolerance
低挫折耐受性的起因

Frustration intolerance can stem from a variety of causes, from mental health conditions to personality quirks. A few common causes include:
挫折耐受性由众多因素共同作用,从精神健康疾病到奇怪的人格特点等。一些普遍起因包括:

Negative thought patterns
Neurodivergent mental health conditions like ADHD, depression, and anxiety
Belief systems like “life should be easy” or “unfair things always happen to me”
Lack of stress coping mechanisms

负面思维模式
神经多样性精神疾病,如ADHD、抑郁症和焦虑症等。
信念体系,比如:“生活本该是轻松的”或者“不公平的事情总是发生在我身上”。
缺乏压力应对机制


9 Strategies to Cope With and Avoid Frustration
应对和避免受挫感的9种方法

Frustration is a natural emotion, but it can be hard to manage without the proper skills. If you find yourself easily angered or irritated, your mental health, productivity, and relationships can suffer. Add these 9 science-backed tips to your frustration toolbox so you can be more resilient when stressful situations arise.

受挫感是一种天生的情绪,但如果没有合适的应对技巧,则很难管理。如果你发现自己很容易被激怒,那么你的精神健康、效率和人际感情等都会受到负面影响。将下述9条科学的方法纳入到你的挫折应对工具箱中,当压力情形发生时,你就可以更加坚韧。

1 Use the emotion wheel to identify your feelings

使用情绪圆盘识别自己的感受

Sometimes we don’t have the vocabulary to clearly communicate how we feel. The result is a bunch of confusing feelings mushed inside our minds and bodies with seemingly no way to escape.

有时我们并没有词汇来明确传达我们的感受,结果就导致多种令人不解的感受在大脑和体内混杂成一团乱麻,似乎无法逃脱。

In comes the emotion wheel! Psychologists developed an emotion wheel to help identify complex emotions and productively work through them. This is the ultimate tool for emotional regulation because labeling how you feel helps you increase your emotional intelligence and redirect your behavior.

情绪圆盘来帮你!心理学家们制作了一个情绪圆盘,帮助识别和高效理清复杂情绪。这是情绪管理的终极工具,因为,识别你的感受,可以帮助你提升情商,向新方向引导自己的行为。

IMG_1309.PNG

When you look at the wheel, you realize that annoyance (frustration) is really a component of anger. But annoyance can easily shift upward into interest and curiosity (e.g., “Wow, why is this know-it-all person irritating me so much? Maybe my mind is reacting to something I feel insecure about in myself. Perhaps, I could work on being less dominating in conversations.”)

看这张圆盘,你会发现不悦(受挫感)实际上是愤怒情绪的一部分。但不悦感可以轻易向上转变为兴趣和好奇心(比如,哇,为什么这个万事通让我感到这么不爽?可能我的大脑正在对我的某种不安全感做出反应。可能,我可以试着在谈话中不那么占据主导地位。)

2 Put things in perspective

视野放宽放长远

Reframe frustration as something positive. Any strong emotion appears in your life to teach you something or draw your attention to an area where you can improve. When you zoom out your perspective beyond the present challenge, you may realize that your past frustrations were actually the fuel that pushed you forward.

换种视角看待挫折,将其视为某种积极事物。生活中出现的任何强烈情绪都可以教给你某样东西,或者将你的注意力引导至你的待提升之处。当你放大视野,超越当前困难,你可能会意识到你过去的挫折实际上正是推动你前行的燃料。

For example, imagine you hate your job, and just about every daily task could boil your blood. A positive reframe for this frustration would be channeling your frustrated energy into starting a side hustle, searching for new jobs every evening.

例如,想象你讨厌自己的工作,每个日常任务都让你怒火中烧。一种积极的视角可以是:转而利用这种受挫能量去开启某种副业,每天傍晚寻找新工作。

You may adopt a mindset of, “I will do anything to get out of this job.” In this instance, your frustration ignites a fire for positive change. On the other hand, a negative form of frustration would be going home from work every day and unloading your emotional stress on your dog or spouse.

你可能会采取这种思维方式:“我会竭尽全力摆脱这份工作。”这种情形下,你的受挫感就点燃了积极改变之烈火。而与之相反,负面的挫折应对方式可能就会是每天回到家,将自己的情绪压力发泄到狗狗或配偶身上。

The latter response would leave you stuck in the same cycle of hating your job and harming your relationships. A positive view of frustration could help you take your power back!

后一种反应会让你陷入这样的恶性循环:讨厌工作、摧毁感情。而积极视角则可以帮助你重新夺回力量。

Reframe frustration as:
将挫折视为:

A powerful catalyst for change: “I can’t take this anymore!” could be the ultimate push for you to create a positive transformation in your life.

“改变”的强大催化剂:“我再也受不了了!”可能会是你开启人生积极变化的一个终极推动力。

An opportunity to learn something new: When you feel angry, stressed, or overwhelmed, remind yourself that the difficult challenge you are facing is an opportunity to learn. This is the hallmark of a growth mindset. Once you finally figure something out, it can boost your confidence and improve your skill sets for your career or hobbies.

学习新事物的机会:当你感到愤怒、有压力或难以招架时,提醒自己困难意味着学习机遇。这是成长型思维的标志特征。一旦你最终解决了某个问题,它就可以增强你的自信,提升你的职业或兴趣技能组合。

A sign of growth: Frustration can indicate that you are pushing yourself out of your comfort zone, which is a key indicator of personal growth and development

成长的标志:挫折,意味着你正在将自己推出你的舒适区,这是个人成长和发展的关键标志之一。

3 Prevent explosions with healthy anger release

用健康的愤怒发泄方式避免情绪爆发

Suppressing your anger or frustration tends to make it worse. While emotional repression is mostly subconscious, emotional suppression involves intentionally avoiding your emotions because you don’t know how to deal with them.

压制自己的愤怒或受挫感往往只会适得其反。尽管情绪受抑(repression)通常是潜意识的,但情绪压制(suppression)却包含因为不知道如何应对而刻意回避自身情绪。

But pushing down your feelings is like continuously pouring soda into a bottle and shaking it up. Eventually, it will explode. In order to prevent explosions, you can face your frustrations head-on as they arise.

但压制自己感受,就像是不断将可乐倒入瓶中并摇晃,最终就会爆炸。为避免爆发,你可在情绪发生时直接应对。

Instead of avoiding your frustration, psychologists recommend managing and releasing anger in a productive way. Here are some ideas:

心理学家并不建议回避个人受挫感,而是建议以健康方式管理和释放愤怒:

Unhealthy Anger Release
不健康愤怒释放方式

Yelling or screaming at other people (“This is all your fault!” or “Why the heck would you do this?”)

冲别人大吼大叫(都是你的错!你TMD为什么要这么做!)

Avoidance or passive-aggressive communication (“It’s fine, I’ll deal with it later.”)

回避或消极式攻击型沟通(好吧好吧,我一会儿处理!)

Physical aggression toward others (this should always be avoided)

肢体攻击(始终应该避免)

Derogatory comments to yourself or others (“I am such a failure,” or “You always mess things up.”)

对自己或他人的贬低言辞(我真是个废物!你总是什么都搞砸!)

Accusatory comments that focus blame on others (“This is all your fault! You did XYZ, and it caused this problem for me.”)

针对别人的指控言论(都是你的错!你做了xxx,给我导致了这一问题!)

Healthy Anger Release
健康的愤怒释放方式

Screaming into a pillow or singing loudly to a song in the car
把脸埋进枕头里大叫或在车里大声跟唱歌曲。

Clear, assertive, premeditated communication (“Honestly, when you did X, it made me feel very frustrated. Next time, could you do Y instead?”)

明确、坚定、提前仔细考虑好的沟通(实话说,当你做x时,让我感到非常有受挫感下一次,可以做y吗)?

Hitting a punching bag, doing an intense workout, or going on a run

打沙袋,强度高的健身活动或去跑步

Reframing negative thoughts (“I can overcome this challenge,” or “If we work together to figure this out, it will make us stronger.”)

换个视角看负面想法(“我可以克服这一挑战的。”“如果我们一起合作解决这一问题,这会让我们更强大的。”)Taking accountability and using “I” statements (“I feel very overwhelmed and irritated by this situation, but I recognize that I did XYZ wrong. How can we find a solution together?”)

承认自己的那部分错误,使用“我”开头的句子(这件事让我感到情绪失控,感到很恼怒,但我认识到我xxx做错了。我们可以一起想办法解决吗?)

4 Break the negative thought loop

打破负面思维循环

We all know how easy it is to get stuck in a negative thought loop. When you have low frustration tolerance, you can easily fall into degrading thoughts about yourself or other people.

我们都知道有多么容易陷入负面思维循环。当你挫折耐受度较低时,你很容易就会陷入对自己或其他人的贬低性思维中。

Automatic negative thoughts (ANTs) are strong feelings or mental reactions that happen as automatic reflexes. Over time, your brain has created a strong neural pathway that sends you spiraling into a negative mental space each time you have a similar experience.

自动化负面思维(ANT)是指自动反射型的强烈感受或思维反应。长此以往,你的大脑就会创造一个强大的神经回路,每次当你有相同体验时,就会让你自动进入负面思维空间。

For example, let’s say you are trying to figure out a difficult task. You have no idea what you’re doing and can’t seem to find the right information. Your inner self-talk starts reeling: “I am so stupid. Why can’t I figure this out? This is so dumb, I quit.” Clearly, these are harmful thoughts that reduce your self-esteem and make it more difficult to accomplish the task.

例如,比如说你整试图解决一项困难任务,你无从下手,毫无头绪,你的内在自我谈话开始负面化:“我怎么这么蠢!为什么我想不出办法?这太蠢了,我放弃了!”很明显,这些都是会降低你自尊感,阻碍你完成这项任务的有害思维。

Breaking and rerouting these pathways takes time and work, but every time you break the cycle, you build more resilience. Interrupt your negative thought spiral with silent or spoken reminders to yourself:

打破并重新连接这些回路,需要花费时间和精力。但每次你打破这一循环,你都在培养更多坚韧性。要阻断你的负面思维恶化趋势,或是默念或是大声提醒自己以下内容:

“Wait, that is not true. I can figure this out.”

“I am smart and have all the resources I need to get this done.”

“My life is so much bigger than this moment. This too shall pass.”

“I refuse to believe that thought. I know I am capable.”

“等下,这并非事实。我能想出办法的。”

“我很聪明,我有完成这一任务所需的所有资源。”

“我的生活并不只是局限在这一刻。这也会过去。”

“我拒绝相信那一想法。我知道我能行的。”

5 Do little things to practice more patience

通过一些小事练习自己的耐心

Mild challenges can build the groundwork for future frustration tolerance in more stressful scenarios. When you are feeling calm and relaxed, build your problem-solving and patience with low-stress activities. Try:

不那么严峻的挑战可以培养你在高压力情形中的挫折容忍度。当你感到安静放松时,通过一些低压力活动培养自己的问题解决能力和耐心。尝试:

Solving a puzzle/拼图

Coloring in an adult coloring book/成人涂色书

Putting together a piece of furniture/家具组装

Solving a Rubik’s cube/还原魔方

Practice deep breathing while waiting in line at a store
商店排队等待时深呼吸

Going to a yoga class/学瑜伽

Practicing mindful eating without distractions
练习正念饮食(专心享受食物,没有任何注意力转移因素,所有注意力都集中在食物上)

6 Refocus your energy

转移注意力

When you get stuck in a stressful moment, it’s natural to obsess over the trigger. In fact, psychologists call this the “amygdala hijack.” The amygdala is the part of your brain responsible for emotional processing and “fight or flight” reactions.

当你陷入高压力时刻,很容易就一直想着这一触发因素。实际上,心理学家将此称为“杏仁核劫持”。杏仁核是大脑中负责情绪处理和“攻击或逃跑”反应的区域。

When stress or frustration takes over, the prefrontal cortex (the logical part of your brain) shuts off, and the amygdala takes hold. You become hyper-focused on the perceived threat because your body is trying to protect you.

当压力或挫折袭来,前额叶皮质(大脑中逻辑区域)关闭,杏仁核处于控制地位。你高度聚焦于你所认为的威胁,因为此时你的身体在试图保护你。

Overcoming the amygdala hijack is all about self-awareness and redirection. For example, notice when your frustration starts rising in traffic. Instead of getting road rage or fuming at the stand-still traffic jams, consider redirecting your focus by:

克服这种“杏仁核劫持”的关键在于自我觉察和重新引导。例如,在车流中注意到自己的受挫感开始浮现,这时候不要在一动不动的车流中路怒或火冒三丈,而是通过以下方式转移自己注意力:

Turning on a podcast (if you can safely use your phone)
听播客(如果可以安全使用手机)

Singing along to a song on the radio
跟唱收音机歌曲

Taking a deep breath深呼吸

Looking for shapes in the clouds
在云朵中寻找各种形状

Smiling at a car next to you
向邻车微笑

Calling a friend or family member with hands-free Bluetooth calling
通过蓝牙给朋友或家人打电话

Playing with a fidget toy
玩指尖玩具

7 Ask for help or space to vent

在发泄(吐槽)方面寻求帮助或请求获得空间

Venting can be a very positive form of emotional processing and problem-solving. You can process your frustrations out loud in a safe space with someone you trust. However, improper venting or emotional dumping can also have very negative impacts on your mental health and relationships.

发泄可以是一种非常正面的情绪处理和问题解决形式。你可以在一个安全的地方和你信任的某个人处理你的受挫感。但不适当的发泄或情绪倾泻会对你的精神健康和人际感情产生非常负面的影响。

The secret to healthy venting is choosing the right person to vent to. Ironically, research shows that venting to a “supportive” listener rarely makes venters feel better. Instead, try venting to someone who:

健康发泄方式的秘诀在于,选择正确的发泄对象。讽刺的是,研究显示,向“支持型”倾听者发泄,很少让发泄人感到情绪改善。与之相对,向以下类型的人发泄:

1

Is emotionally available for venting: If someone doesn’t have the mental space to help you, they are not a good choice for a venting listener. Ask in advance— “Is it OK if I vent to you about this work problem for a second? I would really appreciate your perspective.” Don’t take it personally if their answer is “no.”

愿意用心听的人:如果一个人不想给你留出大脑空间去帮助你,那么就不是发泄倾听者的良好选择。提前询问:“”我可以向你吐槽一下这个工作上的问题吗?我会很感谢你的观点的。”如果对方拒绝,也不要觉得被冒犯。

2

Challenges your thoughts and feelings: This is not the friend who tells you what you want to hear. They love you and want to see you grow, so they may offer constructive criticism or ask you questions that help you develop more self-awareness. It may seem counterintuitive, but research shows that a “challenger” listener is far more helpful for overcoming frustration.

挑战你想法和感受的人:他们不会顺着你说。他们爱你,想看到你成长,因此他们可能会提供建设性批评或询问一些能够帮助培养你自我觉察力的问题。这看起来可能很矛盾,但研究显示,“挑战型”倾听者在帮你克服挫折感方面要远远更有益。

3

Remain calm and neutral: It is essential to approach venting with a calm, collected mindset. Be sure both people have taken some deep breaths and relaxed before a venting session starts.

保持冷静中立:面对吐槽发泄,保持冷静集中思维,这一点至为关键。在发泄开始之前,确保两人都已经做过深呼吸,都已经放松。

When you vent, take care never to take out your frustrated emotions on the person who is listening. They are trying to help you and do not deserve to be treated as an emotional “dumping ground.”

当你发泄时,注意不要将自己的受挫情绪发泄在倾听者身上。他们只是在帮助你,不应该成为你的情绪垃圾场。

Take some time to journal and process your feelings before you vent out loud. Then, if you want to build that relationship further, let them know that you will gladly listen to their venting as well.

在你大声吐槽之前,抽时间记日记或处理自己的感受,然后,如果你想要你们的这段关系更进一步,让对方知道你也会欣然倾听他们吐槽。

If you don’t feel comfortable talking to anyone in your personal life, consider speaking to a therapist about your frustrations. They can offer a neutral third-party assessment of your life and help you implement tools that are specifically catered to your mental health needs.

如果你不想和生活中任何人谈这件事,可以考虑向心理咨询师咨询你的受挫感。他们会针对你的生活向你提供中立的第三方评估,并帮助你使用专门针对你精神健康需求的一些工具。

8 Allow yourself and others grace

给自己和他人一些宽容

If you are a perfectionist, it can be very irritating to see things go differently than you imagined. You may be angry at yourself for not being able to meet your own expectations. Other people can also be a major source of frustration when they don’t meet your standards.

如果你是完美主义者,事情不按计划发展时就很容易让你恼怒。你可能会愤怒于自己未达成个人期望。当其他人没有达到你标准时可能也会成为你的受挫感主要起因。

The remedy for this is grace. This means that you can forgive yourself and others for shortcomings and extend more courtesy. Here are a few ways to overcome perfectionism with more tolerance:

解决办法就是“宽容”。即,原谅自己和他人的缺点,给与更多宽容。以下是用“宽容”克服完美主义的几种方法:

1

Allow yourself to make mistakes. Instead of seeing mistakes as failures, reframe them as lessons. Ask yourself, “What did I learn from this?”
允许自己犯错。不要将错误视为失败,而是将它们看做教训。问自己:我从中学到了什么?

2

Focus on positive accomplishments. When someone achieves something, recognize and celebrate it. Practice self-recognition and self-praise as well.
聚焦于成就:当一个人达成某项成就时,认可并庆祝。同时也练习自我认可和自我赞美。

3

Understand that not everyone has the same standards as you. It is OK for them to set their bar at a different level because they may have other priorities.

理解并非所有人都有着和你一样的标准。他们完全可以设置不同标准,因为他们可能有着和你不同的优先注重事项。

4

Remember that you are only responsible for your work. You cannot control other people’s actions or emotions

记住,你只对自己的工作负责。你不能控制别人的行为或情绪。

9 Decompress with these quick relaxation techniques

利用以下快速放松技巧解压

In the heat of the moment, you may just need a quick way to calm the heck down.

Here are some of our favorites:

在情绪激动时,你或许需要快速让自己冷静下来。

以下是我们最爱的一些方法:

1

Progressive muscle relaxation: This is a popular skill for people who face anxiety, but you can use it in any scenario when you need to relax.

渐进式肌肉放松法:这是面对焦虑时人们常用的一种技巧,但你可以在任何需要放松的情形中使用。

2

EFT tapping: Emotional freedom techniques (EFTs) are proven to reduce anxiety and enhance focus. This simple relaxation method helps calm the mind and rewire subconscious thoughts using pressure points on your face and body.

EFT穴位叩击疗法:情绪自由技巧(EFT)被证明可以减缓焦虑,提升注意力。这一简单的放松技巧可以通过按压面部和身体穴位,冷静思绪、重塑潜意识思维。

(Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is a form of counseling intervention that stimulates acupressure points by pressuring, tapping, or rubbing these points while focusing on situations that represent personal fear or traumata. EFT draws on various theories of alternative medicine – including acupuncture, neuro-linguistic programming, energy medicine, and Thought Field Therapy (TFT). EFT also combines elements of exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and somatic stimulation. It is best known through Gary Craig's EFT Handbook, published in the late 1990s, and related books and workshops by a variety of teachers. EFT and similar techniques are often discussed under the umbrella term "energy psychology."

情绪自由技巧(EFT)是一种咨询干预(可以带来改变和提升的疗法或措施)疗法,具体方式是聚焦于思考代表个人恐惧或创伤的情形,同时按压、叩击或按摩相应穴位。EFT基于多种医学理论,包括针灸、神经语言编程、能量医学、思维场疗法等。EFT同时还纳入了暴露疗法、认知行为疗法和身体刺激等。出版于20世纪90年代末的 Gary Craig的手册和其他人的相关书籍和研讨会让这一疗法广为人知。EFT和一些类似的技巧通常被归类于“能量心理学”这一范畴中。)

3

5-second countdown: Mel Robbins’ famous 5-Second-Rule can be used to overcome frustration because it catapults you into action. When you feel irritated, think of an immediate response that will help you move out of that state. If you feel overwhelmed by how dirty a room is, count 5-4-3-2-1 and pick up one thing, and put it away. If you feel frustrated by a huge project, count 5-4-3-2-1 and take one small step to get started.

5秒倒数:Mel Robbins著名的5秒原则可以被用于克服受挫感,因为它可以让你进入行动状态。当你感到恼怒时,想一个会帮助你解决这一情形的直接反应。如果你受不了屋子里很脏,数5-4-3-2-1, 捡起一样东西,把它放回原位。如果你面对一个很大的项目感到受挫,数5-4-3-2-1,先从一小步开始处理。


Key Takeaways: Raise Your Frustration Tolerance With Healthy Habits
要点:用健康习惯提升自己的挫折耐受性

Ultimately, a low frustration threshold can make it difficult to build healthy relationships and enjoy your daily life. As you learn to regulate your thoughts and face your emotions healthily, you may feel calmer and more equipped to face life’s inevitable challenges.

低挫折耐受性会让培养健康人际感情关系和享受日常生活变得困难。当你学会以健康方式管控个人思维和情绪,在面对生活中不可避免的挑战时,你可能就会更冷静,更有能力应对。

You cannot change what happens to you, but you can always control how you react. Try to:

你无法改变发生在你身上的事情,但你始终可以控制你的反应。试着:

Reframe frustration as a positive fuel for growth and learning.

Deal with anger in a healthy way. Don’t suppress it!

Create a plan for refocusing your energy in moments of intense frustration.

Practice self-regulation by identifying your emotions.

Talk to a trusted friend, family member, or therapist using healthy venting practices.

将挫折视为成长和学习的燃料;

健康应对愤怒。不要压制!

制定一个在受挫感强烈时转移注意力的方案;

通过识别个人情绪练习自我管控;

与你信任的朋友、家人或心理师交谈,交谈中使用健康发泄(吐槽)方式。

文献选读
Coco有话说

“千军万马过独木桥,只有冲过去的才是赢家”、“ 一分干掉一操场”,这些宣传口号充斥在每个人的求学之路上。以考试分数为指标的前提下,“竞争”无可避免。随着贫富差距的增加,宏观经济不平等对人们的日常生活也产生了影响,但它影响身处校园里的青少年吗?在资源供给不均衡的情况下,青少年会采取什么样的学习策略应对不平等带来的困境呢?


一篇2022年发表在Journal of Educational Psychology的研究通过80多万学生样本,包括四项预注册的子研究,探究了高经济不平等是否会增加学业环境中的竞争氛围和竞争倾向,并降低学生之间的合作意愿。研究1采用国际学生评估项目(PISA)2018年的数据,对50万名学生进行多水平分析,其中通过量表题目测量学生对他们之间的竞争与合作关系的感知,同时通过世界银行数据统计不同国家经济不平等指数。结果发现,经济越不平等,学生感知到的竞争性氛围更强,感知到的合作氛围更弱

IMG_1305.JPG

研究2包括两项研究,分别采用PISA 2003和2005年数据库对25万名学生和7万多名学生数据进行多水平分析。研究2进一步将竞争与合作的学习场景分为“一般领域”和“特定领域”两个方面。特殊领域是指某个特定的学科,例如,“在数学方面,我总是努力比班里其他同学做得更好”;一般领域不指特定的学科,例如,“我想在某件事情上做到最好”。结果发现,无论是一般领域还是特定领域,高经济不平等正向预测学生的竞争性氛围和竞争倾向。与此同时,研究者还惊奇地发现高经济不平等也正向预测学生的合作倾向,这个结果与研究1存在矛盾。研究者认为,这可能与合作性倾向的测量不同有关。相比于研究1测量合作的单道题目,研究者通过验证性因子检验,确定研究2关于合作的测量题目存在多维结构,可分为工具性合作与内倾性合作。因此,研究者进一步细化了假设,想要探究是否高度不平等的环境可能在学校环境中培育了工具性合作(即合作的动机是为了在学业上取得成功),而不是内倾性动机(即帮助他人而产生的满足感)。研究结果与假设一致,经济不平等的程度越高,学生越倾向于特定领域的工具性合作,而非特定领域的内倾性动机合作(见图1)。一般领域的结果也如此,即经济不平等程度越高,学生越倾向于一般领域的工具性合作,而非一般领域的内倾性动机合作。

IMG_1306.JPG
图1 经济不平等与特定领域(左图)和一般领域(右图)工具性合作与内倾性合作之间的关系


研究3则是在实验室环境中通过操纵经济不平等背景探究经济不平等与合作和竞争的因果关系。研究通过Bimboola范式操纵参与者想象自己正身处于一个高/低经济不平等的虚拟社会中,并测量该虚拟社会中参与者感知到的竞争氛围、竞争倾向、合作氛围,合作倾向(包括工具性合作和内倾性合作)的水平。研究结果复制了研究1和研究2的结果,参与者在高经济不平等虚拟社会中会感知到更多的竞争,更少的合作,以及更多的工具性合作和更少的内倾性合作(见图2和图3)。

IMG_1307.JPG
图2 操纵经济不平等(低经济不平等与高经济不平等)对感知竞争力(左图)和感知合作性(右图)的影响

IMG_1308.PNG
图3 操纵经济不平等(低经济不平等与高经济不平等)对竞争性倾向(左图)和工具性与内倾性合作(右图)的影响

本研究发现,经济不平等也强化了学校环境中的竞争氛围,抑制了青少年之间的合作行为。但本研究也发现了一个有意思的现象,即经济不平等对合作的影响存在维度上的差异。经济不平等会导致青少年工具性合作上升,内倾性合作的下降。合作会被学生用作实现学业成功的战略性工具,而不是获得因合作所带来的内心丰盈的享受。我们应该要警惕经济不平等带来的消极后果,防止经济不平等成为过度竞争的温床。


参考文献:

Sommet, N., Weissman, D. L., & Elliot, A. J. (2022). Income inequality predicts competitiveness and cooperativeness at school. Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000731

推文作者:林靓
插图:欧阳露雪
编辑:欧阳露雪
排版:欧阳露雪
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